3 
38 The Significance of Sex. [Jan. 
esis. (See Figs. 13, 19, 6, 43, 44, 45, 46, a—d, 47, etc.) In Figs. 13 
and 47 we see the chromatin present in these filamentous nucle- 
oli has been complexly arranged in a reticulum and in a spiral 
respectively. A cross-section of one of these filaments (mitom 
of Flemming) cannot be distinguished from a section ofa spheri- 
cal nucleolus of like structure. 
[Notre.—After the above article left my hands an meus een ba Altmann 
(“ Studien über die Zelle,” Leipzig, 1886) came to my noti By means of fuchsin 
staining, followed by a wash of picric acid, a new element, ‘i “ pie is brought 
to notice in the cytenchyma. These granules have hitherto been included with the 
cytenchyma in the general term deutoplasm, but Altmann believes they should be ele- 
vated to the dignity of an element in the protoplas To them Altmann ascribes the 
function of initiating and sustaining the teabele, or vegetative activities of the cell, 
while the reticulum mediates the motile functions. Morphologically, oad are seen 
to grow and to multi tiply by fission or budding, s ie t he has formulated the law 
“ omnis granula e granulo?’ He conceives re ucleus and nucleoli to abe aggre- 
Botanische Zeitung, 1880 and 1883.) All this falls into line with the gemmule 
hypothesis, but the function of these granules cannot be so primary as he believes, 
if we are to credit the evidence obtained from experiments on enucleating cells. 
(See Nussbaum, A. m. A., xxvi.) Nussbaum found that if he cut an Ofalina to 
pieces, the pieces deprived of nuclei continued to manifest movement, but did not 
grow. On the other hand, those pieces that had nuclei ng STON their lost parts. 
It is worthy of note that if a new formation was once in process of development, 
this was completed, even eee the Pe was enucleated during the process. This 
can be understood if we suppose that gemmules destined to repair the tissues had 
already migrated from pi nucleus, though, = course, we are not confined to this 
explanation. } 
(2) STRUCTURE OF THE SEXUAL CELLS. 
_ In speaking of the sexual cells without distinguishing the ovum 
from the spermatozoon, it is useful to use the word gamete, from 
which we readily coin another useful word, gametogenesis, as in- 
cluding ovigenesis and spermatogenesis. In the present section 
we are concerned only with the changes which the nucleus of the 
gamete suffers after its final division in gametogenesis. 
It is well known that in the earliest stages of gametogenesis 
there is little, if any, distinction between male and female cells; 
that in many cases the cell boundari not distinct, but we hare 
a homogeneous albumen containing scattered nuclei, recalling a 
syncytium ; that these nuclei have sometimes been seen to mul- 
tiply by budding eed te paee that the nuclei, aio 
` grow, lose their 10n og ty ‘ 
en in- their r ate 
