40 The Significance of Sex. [Jan. 
sexually mature, and that, as in ordinary karyokinesis, the succes- 
sive halves of the nucleus left in the yelk are the homologues of 
those extruded in the globules. We shall show that they are all 
equivalents, and there is not a separation of “male protoplasm” 
from “ female protoplasm” in a once “ hermaphrodite” cell. 
en the few observations we have of the germinal vesicle 
during the period of growth are compared, we are struck by the 
apparent variety in the different cases. But this variety is prob- 
ably due in part toa real variety in nature, and in part to the 
limited and partial knowledge we have acquired. From a com- 
parison of Figs. 50-64, we may gather the following general 
features : 
1. There is a richness of chromatin development resulting in 
great increase in size of the nucleus. 
2. There is a considerable number of nucleoli developed. 
3. A large portion of the chromatin is broken down and trans- 
formed into yelk. (See Fig. 50.) 
4. The boundaries of the nucleus are often broken down 
or obscured; if not, they remain extremely distinct, enclosing 
a: large cavity comparatively free from chromatin, and hence ` 
the name germinal vesicle. But with either change we find that 
one of the nucleoli has taken on functions that are probably 
nuclear in nature, and this has given countenance to the notion 
that the germinal vesicle may not be a nucleus, but is a cell. 
Such an assumption of the nuclear functions by a chief nucleolus 
is repeated over and over again in gland-cells, as in Fig. 49. We 
thus have a chief nucleolus or germinal dot and one or more 
paranucleoli. The latter simply break down, while the former 
furnishes the chromatin that divides in the polar globules, and at 
last conjugates with the male pronucleus; so that we always have 
a mass of the proto-substance conserved to carry on the exist- 
ence of the gemmule colony, however much of the chromatin 
may be used for other purposes, and this reproductive sub- 
stance is always conserved in the centre of the mechanism, sur- 
rounded and protected by at least two envelopes. If the nucleus 
buds, it produces paranuclet. Perhaps this is only a peculiar 
method of giving off nutritive substances to the cytoplasm. We 
_ must here observe that paaonejei, wherever found, are not neces- 
sarily if more than one be found in 
a the same cell or still less where we deal with Phafogmeucally 
