52 _ History of Garden Vegetables. [ Jan. 
magne, who died A.D. 814, included this vegetable among those 
ordered to be planted on his estates. Ruellius’s edition of Dios- 
corides, 1529, does not speak of its culture, nor does Leonicenus, 
1529 (not necessitated by the text); but Fuchsius, 1542, says 
planted in gardens. Tragus, 1552, received seed from a friend, 
so it was apparently not generally grown in his part of Germany 
at this date. Matthiolus, in his “Commentaries,” 1558, refers to 
its edible qualities. Pena and ress 1570, say in England it 
occurs abundantly in gardens,—“in hortis copiosissimum, ubi 
radix illi crassior, magis succosa, vesca et tenerior, quam suapte 
sponte nato,” and the cultivated form far better than in the wild 
plant. Camerarius, “ Epitome,” 1586, says, “in hortis seritur.” 
Gerarde, in 1597, does not speak of its culture, but says, “ groweth 
in most places of England,” but in his edition of 1630 says, “the 
root hereof is also in our age served to the table raw fora sallade 
herbe.” Dodonzus, 1616, refers to its culture in the gardens of 
Belgium, and Bodzus a Stapel, in his edition of “ Theophrastus,” 
1644, says is much approved in salads, and is cultivated as a vege- 
table,—‘ Contra maceronis esui idonea, palato non ingrata; quo 
nomine a Gallis, Anglio, Germanis avidissime in acetariis ex- 
petitur ac ab olitoribus sedulo colitur;” yet, in 1612, “Le Jar- 
dinier Solitaire” mentions the culture of celery, but not of Alex- 
anders, in French gardens. Quintyne, in the English edition of 
his “ Complete Gard’ner,” 1704, says “ it is one of the furnitures 
of our winter-sallads, which must be whitened like our wild En- 
dive or Succory.” In 1726, Townsend, in his “ Complete Seeds- 
man,” refers to the manner of use, but adds, “’tis but in few 
gardens.” Mawe’s “Gardener,” 1778, refers to this vegetable, 
but it is apparently in minor use at this time; yet Varlo, in his ` 
“Husbandry,” 1785, gives directions for continuous sowing of 
the seed in order to secure a more continuous supply. McMahon, 
-in his “ American Gardeners’ Kalendar,” 1806, includes this 
vegetable in his descriptions, but not in his general list of kitchen- 
garden esculents, and it is likewise enumerated by later American 
writers, and is included by Burr, 1863, among garden vegetables, 
—a survival of mention apparently not indicating use; and Vil- 
morin, in his “ Les Plantes Potagéres,” 1883, gives a hania and 
a few lines to maceron, but I do not now find its seed advertised 
in our catalogues, and I never. remember to have seen FE 
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