1887] The Significance of Sex. 23 
Fic. 85, a-f. Sperm. of Paludina vivipara—vermiform (not func ctional), a-c, 
Carnoy, p. 228.—The nucleus je plays no direct part in the formation, but acts like 
a paranucleus, d~/, Brun . m. A., xxiii. The nucleus is here represented as 
directly concerned. Sheer fand 84, g. 
F rm. of Locusta viridissimi—a, b, and h, Valette St. George, 
A. m. A., x.; ¢c-y, Brunn, A. m. A., xxiii.—Here, as iti in 73, the head (f) divides 
into two parts, the anterior of which contains the chromat 
Fic. 87, a, 6. Sperm. of Forficula auri rcdaria Valet, A. m. 
Fic. 88, a-d. Gusta of Stenobothrus—Vale ie iddle piece (at 
least its periaxial portion) is formed directly from tie ern 
9, &-g. Sperm. of Blatta germanica—Valet . m. A, pr .—The para- 
nucleus is reported as formed from a granular mass, ia it centenkdy i is built into the 
“middle piece.” In eand g globules of cytoplasma are seen sticking te the flagellum 
ie [middle piece] and tail). 
Fic. 90, a, 6. Sperm. of Agrion—Biitschli, Z. w. Z., xxi., pp. 402 and 536. c 
Hydrophilus. (Clausilia, Acridia, Clythra, etc., agree closely with Figs. 87, 88, 89, 
go. 
Fic, 91, a-f. Sperm. of Astacus—a-g, Grobben, A. z. I. U. W., i.; f, 4,7, Nuss- 
baum, A. m. A., xxiii. 7 is view from a 
FIG. 92, a-e. Sperm. of Zupagure. ‘elite, A EUW 
vag: 93, rene eae: ae Ascaris adesioni Beneden, A. B., iv.—a, Sper- 
The two nuclei are united by the spindle. 
In å spermatids have formed, held together i in a spermatogemme by a “ cytophoral” 
portion (in which is a “ refringent body” connected with each spermatid, homolo- 
gous with paranucleus). ¢, the mature sperm. e nucleus is situated in the head, 
` which is left uncovered by the thin membrane that covers the remainder. The “ re- 
fringent body” is large, and fills up nearly the entire body. æ. Here the refringent 
body is small, the protoplasm about the nucleus in the head, amceboid. The micro-. 
somata of the cytohyaloplasm, seen in rows, mark the nodes of a regular reticulum. 
FIGs. 1-13, 25, 66-68, 71, 81, 93, ‘linetsate 1 the structure of protoplasm. 
Fics. 1, 2, 6, 16-18, 22-34, 49, 59, 66, etc., illustrate the “individuality” of the 
nucleus or of its subordinate parts. 
Fics. 13, 14, 17, 19, 20, 28-51, illustrate the different forms of nucli 
Figs. 8-10, 13-15, 19, 20, 26, 28, 43-47, 49-61, illustrate the Mieri conditions 
and morphological structure the nuclein may assume aside from the changes of 
karyokinesis. Still other examples will appear when 4aryokinesis is considered. 
the tail has in each case been r nted, to economize space. 
Fics. 36-40, 42, (44 las. (49!), (50?), = ee 64, m na 78, > 81, (83?), 34, 86- 
93, indicate the presence of a paranucleus be given under £aryo- 
kinesis and fertilization. 
