58 History of Garden Vegetables. [Jan. 
The German name Heilige Geist Wurz implies the estimation 
in which it was held, and offers clue to the origin of the word 
Angelica, or angel plant, which occurs in so many languages, as 
in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian, becoming Angelique 
and Archangelique in Frénch, and Angelickwurz in German. 
Other names, of like import, are the modern Engelwurz in Ger- 
many, Lngelkruid in Flanders, and Engelzvortel in Holland. 
The various figures given by herbalists show the same type of 
plant, the principal differences to be noted being in the size of the 
root. Pena and Lobel, in 1570, note a smaller variety as culti- 
vated in England, Belgium, and France, and Gesner is quoted by 
Camerarius? as having seen roots of three pounds’ weight. 
Bauhin,? 1623, says the roots vary, the Swiss-grown being thick, 
those of Bohemia smaller and blacker. 
Anise. Pimpinella Anisum L. 
Anison was known to the ancient Greeks, and Dioscorides says 
the best came from Crete, the next best from Egypt; and it is 
mentioned by Theophrastus.* Pliny,5 in the first century, says 
“ anesum, green or dry, is desirable in all seasonings or sauces,” 
and the seeds are even sprinkled in the under crust of bread, and 
used for flavoring wine. He quotes Pythagoras as praising it 
whether raw or cooked. Palladius,° in the beginning of the third 
century, gives directions for its sowing. - Charlemagne,” in the 
ninth century (A.D. 812), commanded that anise should be sown 
on the imperial farms in Germany. It is mentioned also by 
Albertus Magnus® in the thirteenth century. It seems to have 
been grown in England as a pot-herb prior to 1542, as Boorde,? in 
his “ Dyetary of Helth,” printed in that year, says of it and fennel, - 
“These herbes be seldom used, but theyr seedes be greatly occu- 
pyde.” Ruellius® records it in France in 1536, and gives the 
t Pena and Lobel, Adversaria, 1570, 311.. 
2 Camerarius, Hort., 1588, 16. 
3 Bauhin, Pin., 1623, 155. 
4 Bodæus a Stapel, Theop., 1644, 744- 
co Eb. xx. ¢. 72. 
é Palladius, lib. iii. c. 24; lib. iv. c. ve 
7 Quoted in Pharmacographia, p. 3 i 
_ § Albertus Magnus, De Veg., esen Pp 1867, 476. 
9 Quoted in 
mana D opad 
