1887] Anthropology. 99 
sophical Society on the 5th November, based upon one of Carl 
Abel’s “ Linguistic Essays” (London, 1882). 
The key-note of Dr. Brinton’s study is in his second para- 
graph, in which he says, “ I shall give more particular attention 
to the history and derivation of terms of affection as furnishing 
illustrations of the origin and ‘growth of those altruistic senti- 
ments which are revealed in their strongest expression in the 
emotions of friendship and love. 
“Upon these sentiments are based those acts which unite man 
to man in amicable fellowship, which bind parent to child and 
child to parent, which find expression in loyalty and patriotism; 
which, exhibited between the sexes, direct the greater part of the 
activity of each individual life, mould the form of social relations, 
and control the perpetuation of the species; and which have 
suggested to the purest and clearest intellects both the most ex- 
‘alted intellectual condition of man, and the most sublime defini- 
tion of divinity.” 
In the Old World and in the New, Dr. Brinton finds the prin- 
cipal words expressing love in one of two ruling ideas, the one 
intimating similarity between those loving, the other a wish or 
desire. The former conveys the notion that the feeling is mutual, 
the latter that it is stronger on one side than on the other. 
A third class of words of later growth combines the two senti- 
ments into the loftiest terms of affection. 
The existence of these forms of expression is traced through 
the Algonquin, Nahuatl, Maya, Qquichua, and Tupi-Guarani 
stocks with the following general results: 
1. The original expression of love as revealed in the languages 
of those people was as follows: 
1. Inarticulate cries of emotion (Cree, Maya, Qquichua). 
2. Assertions of sameness or similarity (Cree, Nahuatl, Tupi, 
Arawack). 
3. Assertions of conjunction or union (Cree, Nahuatl, Maya). 
4. Assertions of a wish, desire, or longing (Cree, Cakchiquil, 
Qquichua, Tupi). 
Loochoo, sometimes written Liuchiu, and called by the Japan- 
- ese Riukiu, is the chief island of a group lying in the North Pa- 
cific Ocean between the 24th and 2gth parallels of latitude, and 
forming a chain extending from Formosa to the southernmost 
extremity of Japan. The Chinese accounts state that the island 
of Loochoo was discovered by an exploring expedition sent out — 
by the Emperor Yang Kwang, of the Sui dynasty (a.p. 608), 
which brought back to China one of the inhabitants. It was 
subsequently visited more than once by the Chinese, and early 
in the fourteenth century one of the emperors of the Ming dynasty 
sent some thirty Chinese families to Loochoo to civilize the 
natives, and teach them the arts and customs of China. Each 
