152 The Significance of Sex. [Feb. 
etc., and that these have to be distributed in a definite way be- 
iict the daughter-cells at each division. Hence the complicated 
machinery. 
In 1884, Rad/ seeks to show that there never is a simple fila- 
ment in a cell, but that the loops pre-exist even in the resting 
state, and that in this latter state the chromatin flows out along 
definite paths into finer and finer branches, which never anasto- 
mose, but may swell up at points, where a special lot of chro- 
matin gathers, and there form nucleoli. The cell is heteropolar, 
always having the apices of the loops directed towards the 
principal pole. (See Fig. 113, a) 
Teuser agrees with Rabl in finding the mitom segmental in 
the resting phase. 
In this year Strasburger discovers the splitting phase in certain 
plant-tissues. (Figs. 118, 119.) 
Carnoy now comes to the front with important contributions. 
He finds, what has not been noticed by previous observers in its 
true light, that there exists a true reticulum in the nucleus, like 
the reticulum in the cytoplasm (Fig. 4), but that the mitom in 
its convolutions hides this, and gives us the aspect of a coarser 
reticulum (Fig. 3), which is the one referred to by previous in- 
vestigators. The mitom may be itself reticulated (Fig. 13), or its 
segments be short and rod-like in some cells (Figs. 123, 124), but 
besides these there are the nucleoli. All the nucleoli are not 
composed of true chromatin. There are one or two that are 
composed of plastin (Figs. 44, 124, 6, c), like the true reticulum, 
and with it and the membrane become transformed to the achro- 
matic or spindle part of the figure. The phases of Flemming are 
realized only in a limited number of cases, and there appears to 
be the utmost variety in the karyokinetic figures; we may get 
forms where the nuclear reticulum does not become transformed, 
although the mitom may segment. (Figs. 109, 110, stenotic di- 
vision.) Again, the achromatic part of the figure may in one 
and the same cell differ under different circumstances from great 
—— to simplicity of structure." 
Platner has also made important contributions (see Fig. 123, 
a-ga); but these will be considered i in another connection.? 
8 See also, Lee, “ Carnoy’s Cell R. hes.” Q. J. M.S, April, 1886. 
Egle rater ee eed oa eter as just come to my notice. 
— eae e e a 
