1887] Notes on the Glaciation of the Pactfic Coast. a 51 
above tide and three hundred and fifty above the Missouri River. 
The passage from the glaciated to the unglaciated region is quite 
marked and can easily be detected from the train. From this 
point on to the west no signs of glaciation appear until passing 
the western ridge of the Rocky Mountains near Lake Pend 
Oreille in Idaho. Here the movement was towards the west and 
was evidently local. Water-worn pebbles from this vicinity were 
observed far down in Eastern Washington Territory, in old water- 
courses, or “ coulees,” worn by post-glacial streams in the exten- 
sive lava deposits of that region. ; 
West of the Cascade Mountains, between Portland and Seattle, 
all the streams coming down from Mount Rainier and its com- 
panions are heavily charged with glacial mud, and can be traced 
to extensive glaciers in the mountains. The White River Glacier, 
` on the north side, is the largest of these. This glacier is from 
one to one and a half miles wide at its termination, which is 
about five thousand feet above tide. Two or three miles farther 
up it is about four miles wide. It is about ten miles long, and 
in its higher level merges in the general ice-cap which envelops 
the upper five thousand feet of the mountain. The height of the 
mountain is fourteen thousand four hundred feet. 
The north and south valley between the Cascade Mountains 
and the Coast Range in Washington Territory is about one hun- 
dred miles wide. The northern half of this is penetrated by the 
innumerable channels and inlets of Puget Sound, which extends 
from Port Townsend south about eighty miles to the parallel of 
Mount Rainier. The Olympian Mountains to’the west rise to a 
height of about ten thousand feet, as does Mount Baker in the 
Cascade Range to the northeast. The shores and islands of Puget 
Sound have every appearance of being a true glacial accumula- 
tion. Norock in place anywhere appears. The shores and islands 
rise from fifty to two hundred feet above tide, and present a mix- 
ture of that stratified and unstratified material characteristic of 
the terminal accumulations of a great glacier. Boulders of light- 
colored granite and of volcanic rocks are indiscriminately scat- 
tered over the surface and embedded in the soil. One of these 
boulders near Seattle, two hundred feet above the sound, was 
twenty feet in diameter and twelve feet out of ground. The 
_ channels of the sound and of the adjacent fresh-water lakes have 
a general north and south direction, parallel with the axis of the 
