252 Notes on the Glaciation of the Pacific Coast. [March 
valley. This is specially noticeable near Seattle, where Lake 
Washington, elevated sixteen feet above tide, and twenty-five 
miles long, is strictly parallel with the sound, and is separated 
from it by a series of ridges showing every mark of glacial 
origin. Not only is the surface of these ridges covered with 
boulders, but wherever the streets have cut down into the soil 
they show, at the depth of a few feet, an unstratified deposit 
abounding in striated stones. Superimposed upon this ridge 
there is a thin stratified deposit of varying depth but increasing 
in extent down the slope towards tide-water. At Port Townsend, 
on the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and forty miles north-northwest 
of Seattle, the coarsely stratified deposit is much greater in ex- 
tent. A noteworthy section of this I had the privilege of studying 
at Point Wilson, two and a half miles northwest of Port Town- 
send. Here, facing the strait, is a perpendicular bluff from one 
hundred and fifty to two hundred feet in height, composed, in its 
lower portion, for about one hundred feet of rather fine, stratified 
material, which is capped at the summit by about fifty feet of 
coarse, unstratified material abounding in large striated boulders, 
which as they have been washed out by the erosion of the sea 
have fallen down to the foot of the bluff in immense numbers. 
Near the bottom of the bluff there are several strata of vege- 
table deposits. One of these, two feet thick, consisted almost 
wholly of the fragments of the bark of the fir-trees which are 
now so characteristic of that region. Fragments of wood pro- 
ject from the freshly exposed bank in great abundance. The 
meaning of these facts will be more readily apparent alter a study 
of the phenomena to the north of the strait. 
The Strait of Juan de Fuca is from fifteen to twenty miles in 
width, running east and west. Its north shore, near Victoria, on ` 
Vancouver’s Island, is remarkably clear of glacial débris. The 
rocks, however, near Victoria exhibit some of the most remark- 
able effects of glacial scoring and striation anywhere to be found. 
Immediately south of Victoria long parallel furrows rise from 
the shore of the inlet and ascend the slope of the hill to the 
south to its summit, a hundred feet or more above the water- 
level. At the steamboat-landing, outside of the harbor, extensive 
surfaces freshly uncovered exhibit the moutonnée appearance of 
true glaciation, and, in addition to the finer and abundant scratch- 
ing and striz, display numerous winding furrows from six inches 
t 
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