280 ° , General Notes. [March 
The experiments may be divided, according to their object, 
into three groups. Experiments of the first kind were made on 
insects in their relation to strong-smelling substances, as turpen- 
tine, carbolic acid, etc., before and after extirpation of the 
- antennæ. i 
the antenne. 
1. Relation of insects to smelling substances before and after the 
loss of their antenne—Taking a glass rod dipped in carbolic 
acid and holding it within 10 cm. of Philonthus eneus, found 
under stones at the end of February, it raised its head, turned it 
in different directions, and kept making lively movements with 
its antennz. But scarcely had Hauser placed the rod close to it 
when it started back as if frightened, made a sudden turn, and 
rushed, extremely disturbed, in the opposite direction. When he 
removed the glass rod the creature busied itself for some time 
with its antenne, while it drew them, with the aid of its fore 
limbs, through its mouth, although they had not come into 
direct contact with the carbolic acid. There was the same reac- 
tion against oil of turpentine, and it was still more violent against 
After having many times carefully tested the relations of the 
normal animal to the substances mentioned, the antennze were 
removed from the socket-cavity. 
n the second day after eae experimented with the in- 
though he held the glass rod which had been dipped into it for 
one or two minutes before and over the head. The creatures re- 
mained riser: quiet and immovable, at the most slightly 
moving the palpi. 
ey showed otherwise no change in their mode of life and 
their demeanor; they ate with great eagerness flesh which had 
been placed before them, or dead’insects, and some were as active 
as usual as late as May 
ese beetles had, ~ proved by the E REET lost the sense 
of smell alone; how far the sense of touch was lost Hauser could 
not experimentally decide. 
The same results followed experiments with species of the 
genus Ptinus, Tenebrio, Ichneumon, Formica, Vespa, Tenthredo, 
turnia, Vanessa, and Smerinthus; also many species of Dip- 
tera and Orthoptera, besides Julus an and Lithobius, while many 
larve reacted in the same manner. 
SS Pypenescak eai the experiments with Carabus, Melolon- 
tha, and Silpha; there is no doubt that the species of er 
, pae through the extirpation of their antennæ, become m 
