1887] _ Entomology. 281 
or less injured as to the acuteness of their powers of smelling; 
but they never sie themselves wholly unable to perceive strong- 
smelling substanc 
The pliewenient: of the substance acts for a longer time on 
those deprived of ‘their antennz, then they become restless, then 
_ they wander away from the glass tube held before them ; still all 
their movements are but slightly energetic, and the entire reac- 
tion is indeterminate and enfeebled. 
Experiments with the Hemiptera gave still more unfavorable 
results; after the loss of their antennæ they reacted to smells as 
: eagerly as those did which were uninjured. 
. Experiments on the use of the antenne in seeking for food—- 
Under this head experiments were made with Silpha, Sarcophaga, 
Calliphora, and Cynomyia. 
ilpha and its larva were treated in the following manner: 
long as the beetles were in possession of their antennz they in- 
variably after a while discovered the meat exposed in the bottle, 
while after the loss of their antennz they did not come in con- 
tact with it. 
In a similar way acted the species of Sarcophaga, Calliphora, and 
Cynomyia. Hauser, in experimenting with these, placed a dish 
with a large piece of decayed flesh on his writing-table. In a 
short time specimens of the flies referred to entered through the 
open window of the room. The oftener he drove them away 
from the meat would they swarm thickly upon it. Then closing 
the window and catching all the flies, he deprived them of their 
antennz and again set them free. They flew about the room, 
but none settled upon the flesh nor tried to approach it. Where 
a fly had alighted on a curtain or other object, the decayed flesh 
was placed under it so that the full force of the effluvium shou 
pass over it, but even then no fly would settle upon it. 
3. Experiments ‘testing the influence of the antenne of the males 
in “stein the. females——For this purpose Hauser chose those 
kinds in which the male antennz differ in secondary sexual char- 
acters from those of the female, and in which it is known tha 
; ~ readily couple in confinement, as Saturnia pavonia, Ocneria 
dispar, and Melolontha vulgaris. The two first-named insects did 
not couple after the extirpation of their antenna. Of Melolontha 
` vulgaris twenty pairs were placed in a moderately-sized box. 
On the next morning twelve pairs of them were found coupling. 
Hauser then, after removing the first lot, placed a new set o 
thirty pairs in the same box, cut off all the antennz of the males 
and those of a number of females. On the following morning 
only four pairs were found coupling, and at the end of three days 
five others were observed sexually united. 
