1887] The Taconic Question Restated. ` 315 
resting upon the Lower Taconic, and probably also upon the Gray- 
wacke itself. Here also the gray Oneida-Medina sandstone is 
found in discordant superposition upon the Lower Taconic. 
In regions outside of the great valley—to which the First 
Graywacke was apparently confined—are found many consider- 
able areas of the Lower Taconic rocks, conspicuous among 
which are those early noticed in the Carolinas and in Georgia. 
Among these is a long range described and mapped by Maclure 
in 1817 as a “ Transition belt.” This is connected at its northern 
end with the same rocks in the great valley of Pennsylvania, and 
extends from the Delaware to the Yadkin River, beyond which, 
after a little interruption, it appears on the Catawba, and forms 
the King’s Mountain belt in North and South Carolina; where 
these Lower Taconic rocks were described at length by the late 
Oscar Lieber as the Itacolumitic series. Without now referring 
to the other areas of these rocks in the Southern States, and to 
those which in New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Maine are found 
to the eastward of the great Appalachian valley, we may note 
the remarkable display of the same rocks at the mouth of the St. 
John River, in New Brunswick, and their reappearance in the 
Cobequid Hills, in Londonderry, Nova Scotia. To the westward, 
they are found on a considerable area in Hastings County, near 
the northern shore of Lake Ontario, where they were first de- 
scribed by the geological survey of Canada as the Hastings 
series. 
§ 33. These rocks are largely developed around Lake Supe- 
rior, where they were first recognized in northern Michigan by 
Houghton, and were described by Emmons in 1844, and again 
in 1855, as Taconic. They constitute the lower division of the 
Upper Copper-bearing series of Logan, and as seen on the north 
shore of the lake by the present writer were described as the 
Animikie series. These same rocks in northern Michigan have 
been, by Murray, Credner, and others, confounded with the Hu- 
ronian, but the rocks of the Menominee district, including great 
deposits of iron ores and marbles, were, by Irving, in 1883, re- 
garded as identical with the Animikie series, which the present 
writer, in 1884, referred to the Lower Taconic. These same rocks 
rthern Michigan were, in 1880, described by Rominger as 
part of a great system divided in ascending order into a Quartz- 
_ ite group (including a Marble series), an Iron-ore group, and an 
