328 History of Garden Vegetables, [April 
mass of the testimony is such that we cannot but believe that 
beans as at present grown were included. A partial list of such 
testimony I have given heretofore, and hence it need not be 
repeated. The marvellous number of varieties known are indi- 
cation of antiquity of culture, and when kept from crossing these 
varieties come true and perpetuate indefinitely characters which 
appear in the seed. From seed apparently on type, however, 
through atavism, other varieties may appear, and to one un- 
familiar with the types might be considered as sports, and as 
proof of the variable nature of the plant 
-Commentators have quite generally considered this species 
as among the plants cultivated by the ancients, and De Can- 
dolle who has given the subject much thought, thinks the 
best argument is in the use of the modern names derived 
from the Greek /asio/os and the Roman /aseolus and phasiolus. 
In 1542, Fuchsius* used the German word Faselen for the bean; 
in 1550, Roszlin5 used the same word for the pea, as did 
also Tragus® in 1552. Fuchsius gives also an alternative 
named welsch Bonen, and Roszlin welsch Bonen and welsch Phas- 
elen for the bean, and the same word, welsch Bonen, for the 
bean is given by Tragus, 1552,and Kyber,? 1553. This epithet, 
welsch or foreign, would seem to apply toa kind not heretofore 
known. Albertus Magnus,’ who lived in the thirteenth century, 
used the word /fase/us as denoting a specific plant, as “ faba et 
faseolus et pisa et alia genera leguminis,” “ cicer, faba, faseolus.” 
He also says, “ Et sunt faseoli multorum colorum, sed quodlibet 
granorum habet maculam nigram in loco cotyledonis.” Now the 
Dolichos unguiculatus L. is a plant which furnishes beans with a 
black eye, as grown by me, and appears the same with many 
varieties of the “ cow pea” of the Southern States, and is stated by 
_Vilmorin to be grown in Italy in many varieties. I have before 
me, as I write, two hundred and nineteen bottles of beans, each 
with a name (many, however, synonymes), and not one 
of these beans has a black eye. I have before me the seed of 
* Kitchen Garden Plants of Am. Origin, Am. ee May, 1885, 448, 452. 
_ 7 See Proc. of Am. Asso. for Adv. of Sc., 1885, xxx 
- 3 De Candolle, Orig. des PI. Cult., 271. «Fuchsus, De Hist. Stirp, 1542, 708. 
- 5 Roszlin, ERS 6 Tragus, De Stirp., 1552, 611. 
7 — paca. 1553, 
Albertus Magnus, De Vee -Joea ed., pp. 118, 167, 515. 
