330 ae History of Garden Vegetables. [April 
he says this /odos is called by some melax kepea (smilax hortensis), 
the dolichos and phaseolus of his predecessors. Galen’s use of the 
word /odos, or the pod plant, would hence imply garden culture 
in Greece in the second century. 
The word /oudbion is applied by the modern Greeks to the 
Phaseolus vulgaris, as is also the word /oéa in Hindustani. The 
word /uéia is applied by the Berbers, and in Spain the form a/ubia 
to the Phaseolus vulgaris: The words fagiuolo in Italian, phaseole 
in French, are used for the P, vulgaris. It is so easy for a name 
used in a specific sense to remain while the forms change, as is 
illustrated by the word squash in America, that we may inter- 
pret these names to refer to the common form of their time, to 
a Dolichos (even now in some of its varieties called a bean) in 
ancient times and to a Phasiolus now. 
Theophrastus? says the dolichos is a climber, and bears seeds, 
and is not a desirable vegetable. I find no other mention of a 
climber in the ancient authors. The word dolichos seems to be 
used in a generic sense. Theophrastus says zhe his dolichos, the 
intensive 2 being used after the o; but the dolichos of Galen is 
the faselus of the Latins, for he says that some friends of his had 
seen the dolichos (a name not then introduced at Rome) growing 
in fields about Caria, in Italy. We may hence be reasonably 
certain that the pole beans which were so common in the sixteenth 
century were not then cultivated. 
The English name kidney beans is derived evidently from the 
shape of the seed. Turner, 1551, is the first use of this name I 
note; but they were not generally grown in England until quite 
recent times. Parkinson, in 1629, speaks of them as oftener on 
rich men’s tables, and Worlidge, in 1683, says that within the 
memory of man. they were a great rarity, although now a com- 
mon delicate food. The French word haricot, applied to this 
plant, occurs in Quintyne,? 1693, who calls them aricos in one 
place, and aricauts in another. The word does not occur in 
“ Le Jardinier Solitaire,” 1612, and Champlain,* in 1605, uses the 
term febues du Bresil, indicating he knew no vernacular name of 
closer application. De Candolles says the word araco is Italian, 
* De Candolle, Orig. of Cult. P1., 278. 
? Theophrastus, c. 3. Bodæus a Stapel, 1644, 914. 
_ 3 Quintyne, Comp. Gard., 1693, 185, 142. : 
4 Champlain, Voy. Prince Soc. Ed.,64. 5 De Candolle, Orig, of Cult. Pl., 274. 
