1887] _ Geography and Travels. 361 
rate of forty feet per day. Evidences of the recession and di- 
minution of this glacier are numerous. 
American Notes.—Dr. Ten Kate has completed his explora- 
tions in Surinam, during which he visited the valley and grotto 
of the Guacharo, and has returned to Holland 
Mount St. Elias is, according to Mr. Séton Karr, not less than 
three miles east of the 141st meridian, and is thus in Canadian 
territory. e area of the Agassiz and Guyot Glaciers is esti- 
mated at not less than eighteen hundred square miles, but the 
Tyndall Glacier, issuing from the southwest face of the mountain, 
is the principal. r. Karr ascended one thousand feet higher 
than Lieutenant Schwatka. He thinks that the Jones River is 
produced by the melting of the glaciers, as he saw no break in 
the chain. 
o ` 
Africa. THE GERMAN AFRICAN AssociATIon.—Count Pfeil 
has made two important journeys for the German East African 
Association. On the first, after traversing the district of Makata, 
he entered that of Khutu, which has been acquired by the Asso- 
ciation. The second journey was principally occupied by the 
exploration of the Ulanga River, which he ascended for one hun- 
dred and fifty miles to 35° 5’ E. long. and 9° 5’S. lat. Below 
the Sugali Falls the river is known as the Rufiji. From Nga- 
homa towards its source in the mountains, northeast of Lake 
Nyassa, the direction of the river is first west and then south- 
west. The depth of its lower course varies from ten to more 
Dr. Lenz’s JourNEy.—Dr. Lenz reports great changes upon 
the Congo in the upper cataract region. The natives have toa 
great extent retreated from the river, and their place is occupied 
by trading settlements of Africans and Zanzibaris. Kibonge, 
two days above the last cataract, has some hundreds of home- 
steads and a few thousand inhabitants. Riba-Riba, named after 
its founder, a Mohammedan negro from Nyangwe, is also a 
large settlement.’ There are now enormous rice-fields in this 
Dr. Fiscner’s Last Journey.—The late Dr. G. A. Fischer’s 
journey in Eastern Equatorial Africa, though it failed in its main 
object, has added much valuable information respecting the east 
coast of Lake Victoria Nyanza. On his way out from Pangani 
Liwumba) does not join the Simiu, but loses itself in the plains, 
or, in the wet season, in a lake. Rounding Speke Gulf, the party 
entered the sparsely-wooded country of Shashi, with mountains 
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