410 The Natural Sciences in Sweden. [May - 
University of Upsala, the first professor being W. Lilljeborg, who 
is now a professor emeritus, but who, despite his seventy years, 
still remains very active and industrious. At the University of - 
Lund Professor S. Nilsson and many of-his pupils had already 
been working up different branches of the Swedish fauna during 
the period previous to and contemporaneous with the above ` 
changes in Upsala. 
In a very close connection with the Academy of Sciences in 
Stockholm is our “ Riksmuseum” (corresponding to the National 
Museum in Washington). It belongs to the government, but 
the academy is its “ Board of Regents,” elects its curators, or, 
as they are called, intendents, etc. There are three zoological 
departments,—one containing the vertebrates, one the insects, 
and the third all the other invertebrates. Besides, there is one 
department for palzozoology. 
Our Swedish vertebrates had been made comparatively well 
known and described by S. Nilsson, Sundevall, Lilljeborg, and 
other zoologists more than twenty or thirty years ago; the in- 
sects had been studied during the first half of the century by 
Gyllenhaal, De Geer, Boheman, Zitterstedt, Dahlborn, and 
others. Compared with the insects, other classes of the inverte- 
brate animals were considerably neglected; but S. Lovén had 
written his “ Index Molluscorum litora Scandinaviz accidentalia 
habitantium ;” Düben, together with the Norwegian zoologist 
Koren, had edited their “ Review of Scandinavian Echinoderms,” 
etc. The zoological collections in the “Riksmuseum” were 
growing fast, and in Lund Professor S. Nilsson had brought to- 
gether good collections of our vertebrates, but in Upsala the 
zoological museum belonging to the university was in a bad con- 
dition when Lilljeborg was elected a professor. Meanwhile, 
there were, and are still, some old valuable collections, as the 
types of Linné’s “ Museum Ludovice Ulrice,” all with his own 
labels, and of the insects. described by Gyllenhaal, etc. The 
Sones Linnzan types consist mostly of molluscs; 
echinoderms, fishes, insects, and corals. Professor Lilljeborg, 
although he had very small appropriations at his disposal, estab- 
lished nearly a new museum of all classes of our Swedish ani- 
mals during his professorship. 
When the Swedish Arctic expeditions were first aed new 
ee impulses were pirea to Molosi studies and researches. The 
ł 
