1887] History of Garden Vegetables, : 433 
> BaLFour.—Treatise on Comp. Embryol., 
. K. HEIDER.—Metamorphose von aku PR Arb. zool. Inst. zu Wien., 
Bd. vi., 1886. 
31. F. E. SCHULZE. —Metamorphose von Sycandra raphanus, Zeit. f. wiss. Zool. 4 
Bd. xxxi 78. 
3 aà rne adherens, Zool. Anz., Jahrg. vi., 1883. 
milie Aplysinidæ, Zeit. f. wiss. Zool., Bd. xxx., 1878. 
ci GOTTE. ay reer eines Entwicklungsgesch. d. Thiere, ii., 1884. 
35. PEREYASLAWZEW.—Sur le developpement des Turbellaries, Zool. Anz., viii., 
N. 194, 1885. 
36. REPIACHOFF.—Turbellarien, Zool. Anz., viii., 1885. 
37- BLOCHMANN,—Beitrage z. Kenntn. d. Entw. d. Gasteropoden, Zeit. f. wiss. 
Zool., Bd. xxxviii., 1883. 
38. SEDGWICcK.—On the Origin of Metameric Segmentation, Quart. Jour. Micros. 
Sci., xxiv., 1884. Wie from Morph., Lab. in Univ. of Cam- 
bridge, el. ii. part i., 1884. 
` 39- LANG.—Die Polycladen, Fauna u. Flore d. Golfes von Neapel., 1884. 
HISTORY OF GARDEN VEGETABLES. 
BY E. LEWIS STURTEVANT, A.M., M.D. 
(Continued from page 333.) 
Tue Beer. Beta vulgaris, var. y L. 
HE beet is essentially a modern vegetable. It is not noted 
by either Aristotle? or Theophrastus, and although the 
root of the chard is referred to by Dioscorides and Galen,‘ yet 
the context indicates medicinal use. Neither Columella, Pliny, 
nor Palladius mention its culture, but Apicius,5 in the third cen- 
tury, gives receipts for cooking the root of the Beta, and Athe- 
nzus,° in the second or third century, quotes Diphilus Siccineus 
as saying that the beet root was grateful to the taste and a better 
food than the cabbage. It is not mentioned by Albertus Magnus? 
in the thirteenth century, but the word de¢e occurs in English 
recipes for cooking in 1390. 
Barbarus, who died in 1493, oaks of the beet as having a 
z Director of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva. 
2 Aristotle, Scaliger’s ed., 1566, 29. 3 Theophrastus, Bodzeus’s ed., 1644, 778. 
4 Ex Fuchsius, De Stirp., 1542, 807. 5 Apicius, lib. iii. c. 2, ii. 
us, De 
8 Barbarus in Dialed s Dioscorides, 1529, 124. 
