460 Mesozoic and Cenozoic of North America. {May 
Later Glacial, 
Champlain, 
Early Glacial. 
The faunz of these periods have not yet been discriminated. 
As the Champlain was a time of submergence, the species of 
marine vertebrata may be properly attributed to it. Characteris- 
tics of the Plistocene fauna are the following: Present: Mastodon 
americanus, Cervalces americanus, Beluga vermontana, Trichechus 
rosmarus, Rangifer tarandus, Ovibos bombifrons, Bos americanus, 
? Felis atrox, Canis lupus, Ursus horribilis, Mallotus villosus. 
Absent: Megatheriidæ, Tapirus, Dicotyles, Platygonus, Ambly- 
rhiza, Arctotherium, Smilodon. 
The localities at which fossils of the glacial epoch occur are 
scattered over the entire continent east of the Plains, and their 
equivalents occur of course over the west. Many questions of 
exact contemporaneity of these different beds are as yet un- 
settled. 
TOTAL THICKNESS of the Cænozoic Realm: 
r Fi 
Eocene 12,000 
Miocene 7,000 
Pliocene ? 1,000 
Plistocene ? 1,000 
21,000 
AUTHORITIES AND REFERENCES. 
. The Work of the BEA Congress of Geologists, and of its Committees. 
pika by the American Committee; Dr. P. Frazer, Secretary, 1886. 
2, Cope: American Tilil, Danni 1886. 
3- Cope: Zbid., 1884, p. 
pe: phos eed. Ss clan Philosoph. Society, 1880, p. 38. 
Cope: Jbid., p. 687. 
6. Cope: F tes Report U. S. Geol. Survey Territories, ii., p. 244 A. 
7. Cope: Jdid., iii., p. 379. 
8. Cope: Proceedings Academy Philada., June, 1866. 
9. Osborn: Proceedings ee erican Philosophical Society, April, 1887. 
to, Marsh (Sauropoda z mer. Journal Sci. Arts, 1882, p. 83; Cope: Proceed, 
pensi Phila., 1883, p. 9 
11. Huxley.: Quarterly tes Geolog. Society, 1875, p. 427. 
52, A U. S. Geol. curv rvey goth Parallel, i., p. 269, 1878. 
13. Marsh: pens Four. Sci. Arts, ce sg 28. 
14. Marsh: /did., 1878, p. 459; 1887, 
15. Cope: Proceed. ee Soren es oe p. 350; Report U. S. Geological 
Survey Seer ili. p. 1 
_ 16. King: U. S. Geol. ee on Parallel, i., 1878, p. 295. 
