524 History of Garden Vegetables. [June 
I. 
Capparia. Ruellius, 1536, 
561. 
C. spinosa, fructu minore, Jola rotundo. Bauh., Pin., 1623, 480. 
C. spinosa. J. Bauh., 1051, 
; ; 7 
Il. 
Capparis non spinosa fructu majore. Bauhin, Pin., 1623, 480. 
C. non spinosa, J. Bauhin, 1651, ii. 63; Tourn., Inst., 1719, 
261. 
C. inerme. Naud. & Decaisne, Man., 
Caprier, variete sans epines. Vilm., TE 55. 
The Caper-tree is called, in France, caprier; in Germany, 
Kapernstrauch ; in Flanders and Holland, kapperboom ; in Italy, 
cappero; in Spain, alcaparra ; in Portugal, alcaparreira. 
In Arabic, £abar, or kabbar ;? in Agghan, kaaria ; in Thibet, 
kabra ; in Panjab, kaur, kiari, kakri, kandee, taker, ber, barari, 
bauri, bassar; in Sindh, kalvari.3 
CARAWAY. Carum carui L. 
The seeds of caraway were found by O. Heer‘ in the débris 
of the lake habitations of Switzerland, which establishes the 
antiquity in Europe. This fact renders it more probable that 
the Careum of Pliny5 is this plant, as also its use by Apicius 6 
would indicate. It is mentioned as cultivated in Morocco by 
Edrisi in the twelfth century; and in the Arab writings, quoted 
by Ibn Baytar, a Mauro-Spaniard of the thirteenth century, it 
is likewise named; and Fluckiger and Hanbury think the 
use of this spice connected at about this period. It is not 
noticed by St. Isidore, Archbishop of Seville in the seventh cen- 
tury, although he notices dill, coriander, anise, and parsley; nor 
is it named by St. Hildegard in Germany in the twelfth century. 
But, on the other hand, two German medicine-books of the 
twelfth and thirteenth centuries use the word cumich, which is 
- still the popular name in Southern Germany. In the same 
riod the seeds appear to have been used by the Welsh physicians 
* Vilmorin, Les Pl. Pot., 1883, 55- sees Fl. Zgypt, illust 
-3 Brandis, Forest Flora, 14. O. Heer, Gard. Chron., 1866, 1068. 
5 Pliny, lib. xix. c. 49. eae a a 
