526 History of Garden Vegetables. [June 
asparagus. Matthiolus, in 1558, says there are many varieties 
in the gardens which are commonly called Cardoni by the 
Hetruscans, and that, diligently cultivated, these: are. tender, 
crisp, and white, and are eaten with salt and pepper. In 1623 
Bauhin? calls the plant Cinara spinosa, cujus pediculi esitantur. 
Vilmorin? describes five varieties, —the Cardon de Tours, the 
Cardon plein inerme, the Cardon a’ Espagne, the Cardon Puvis, 
and the Cardon & cotes rouges. 
The first of these, the Cardon de Tours, is very spiny, and we 
may reasonably believe it to be the sort figured by Matthiolus+ 
in 1598, under the name of Carduus aculeatus. It is named in 
French works on gardening in 1824, 1826, 1829, etc.5 Its Eng- 
lish name is Prickly Solid Cardoon ; in Spain it is called Cardo 
espinoso. It holds the first estimation with the market-gardeners 
of Tours and Paris. 
The Cardon plein inerme is scarcely spiny, is a little larger 
than the preceding, but otherwise closely resembling. J.Bauhin® | 
had never seen spineless cardoons. It is spoken of in 1824, in 
French books on gardening. It is called, in English, Smooth- 
Solid Cardoon, and has also names in Germany; Italy, and 
Spain. 
The Cardon d’Espagne is very large and not spiny, and is 
principally grown in the southern portions of Europe. We 
may reasonably speculate that this is the sort named by Pliny 
as coming from Corduba. “Cardons d’Espagne” have their cul- 
tivation described in “ Le Jardinier Solitaire,” 1612. A “Spanish 
cardoon” is described by Townsend’ in England in 1726, and 
the same name is used by McMahon’ in America in 1806. It is 
the Cynara integrifolia of Vahl. 
he Cardon Puvis, or Artichoke-leaved, is spineless, and is 
grown largely in the vicinity of Lyons, France. It finds men- 
tion in the French books on gardening of 1824, 1829, etc., as 
previously enumerated. 
ardon à cotes rouges, or Red-stemmed, is so named from 
having the ribs tinged with red. It is called a recent sort by 
Burr in 1863. 
* Matthiolus, Com., 1558, 322 2 Bauhin, Pin., 1623, 383. 
3 Vilmorin, Les PI. Pot., 1883, 3, 59: 4 Matthiolus, Op., 1598, 496. 
5 L'Hort. Mi; 1824; Petit, Dict. du Jard., 1826; Noisette, Man., 1829. 
6 J. Bauhin, Hist., 1651, 50. 7 Townsend, Seedsman, 1726, 29. 
® McMahon, A m. Gard. Kal., 1806. 
