x 
1887] History of Garden Vegetables. 529 
teenth, and eighteenth centuries by various Chinese authors. 
In India the carrot is said to have first come from Persia, and 
now cultivated in abundance in the Mahratta and Mysore coun- 
tries? The carrot is enumerated among the edible plants of 
Japan by Thunberg, and -earlier by Kaempfert The kind now 
described by a Japanese authority 5 are an inch and a half in diam- 
eter at the crown and nearly two feet and a half long, of a high 
color. It is now cultivated in the Mauritius, where it has also 
become spontaneous. It is recorded in Arabia by Forskal,7 and 
was seen growing—both the yellow and the red—by Rauwolf 
at Aleppo in the sixteenth century. In Europe its culture was 
mentioned by nearly all the ancient herbalists and by writers on 
gardening subjects, the red or purple kind finding mention by 
Ruellius? in 1536. In England the yellow and dark red, both 
long forms, are noticed by Gerarde*® in 1597, and the species is 
supposed to have been introduced by the Dutch in 1 558: In 
the “ Surveyors’ Dialogue,” 1604, it is stated that carrot-roots are 
then grown in England, and sometimes by farmers.” In the 
New World carrots are mentioned at Margarita Island by Haw- 
kins in 1565 *3 (and this implies that they were well known in Eng- 
land at this date); are mentioned in Brazil by Nieuhoffin 1647 ;*4 
in Virginia in 1609*5 and 1648 ;*° and in Massachusetts in 1629.77 
In 1779 carrots were among the Indian foods destroyed by Gen- 
eral Sullivan near Geneva, N. Y.% So fond of carrots are the 
Flathead Indians, of Oregon, that the children cannot. forbear 
stealing them from the fields, although honest as regards other 
articles.” 
The types of the modern carrot are the tap-rooted and the 
premorse-rooted, with quite a number of sub-types, which are 
* Bretschneider, Bot. Sin., 59, 83, 85; also Smith, Mat. Med., 51. 
2 Ainslie, Mat. Med., i. 57. 3 Thunberg, Fl. Jap., xxxiii. 117. 
4 Kaempfer, Amcen., 1712, 822. 
5 Kizo Tamari, Comm. to New Orleans Expos., Am. Hort., September, 1886, 9. 
6 Bojer, Hort. Maurit., 160. 7 Forskal, Fl. Aig.-Arab., xciii. 
8 Gronovius, Orient., 32. 
1 Gerarde, Herbal, 1597, 872. 
11 Booth, Treas. of Bot. t Gard. Chron., 1853, 346. 
13 Hawkins, Voy. Hak. Soc., ed. 27. ™ Nieuhoff, Hak. Voy. 
A True Decl. of Va., 1610, 13. 1$ A Perf. Descr. of Va., 1649, 4. 
17 Higginson, Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., Ist ser., i. 118; Wood, New Eng. Prosp., 
Ist ed., ii. 
18 Conover, Early Hist. of Geneva, 47. 9 Pacific R. R. Rept., i. 295. 
_ 2 Ruellius, De Nat. Stirp., 1536, 699. 
