1887] History of Garden Vegetables. 531 
In view of the confusion in early times in the naming of the 
carrot, it is desirable to offer a list of the names used by various 
authors, with the dates. The first, or long carrot, was called, in 
England, carrot, Lyte, 1586; in France, carota, Ruel., 1536, car- 
rottes, pastenades, Pin., 1561, pastenade jaulne, pastenade rouge, 
Lyte, 1586, carotte, racine jaulne, Ger., 1 597; in Germany, Pas- 
tenei, Ammon., 1539, Pastiney, Pastinachen, Fuch., 1542, geel 
Ruben, rohte Ruben, weissen Ruben, Trag., 1552, Mohren, Rosz., 
1550, Moren, Pin., 1561, gelbe Ruben, weissen Ruben, Rauwolf, 
1582, rot Mohren, weisse Mohren, Cam., 1 586; in Dutch, geel 
peen, pooten, geel mostilen, caroten, Lyte, 1586; in Italy, carota, 
in, 1561, carota and carotola, Cam., 1586, pastinaca, Ger., 
1597, Dod., 1616; in Spain, canahoria, Ger., 1597, and paste- 
nagues, cenoura, Dod., 1616. 
The half-long, taper-pointed carrot was called Siser by Mat- 
thiolus in 1558; in French, carottes blanche, Pin., 1561; but his 
other names applicable to the Skirret are the chervy, giroles 
aut carottes blanches, Cam. Epit., 1586; in Germany, Gierlin sive 
Girgellin, Cam., 1586; in Italy, carota bianca, Cam., 1586, 
carotta, carocola, Cast. Dur., 1617; in Spain, chirivias, Cam., 
1586, who says planted in gardens and even in fields throughout 
Germany and Bohemia. 
he modern names for the carrot, in Europe, are, in France, 
carotte, faux-chervis, girouille, pastenade; in Germany, Mohre, 
elbrube, Carotte ; in Flanders, wortel ; in Holland, wortel, peen ; 
in Denmark, guleroden ; in Italy, carota; in Spain, zanahoria ; 
in Portugal, cenoura ;* in Greece, karotta, or staphulona2 
In extra-European countries: in rabic, gesar,3 istufleen, 
Juszir-ul-bostanee ; in Bengali, gajar ; in Egypt, dazar ; in India, 
sager;* in Japan, kofuk, vulgo nisji et jabu nensin;5 in Persia, 
zardak ; in Sanscrit, grinjuna, canjara; in Telugu, gazeragedda. 
The various forms of the carrot have probably their proto- 
types in nature, but as yet the evidence is a little deficient. We 
may suspect the general resemblance of the A/fringham to the 
Japanese variety already mentioned may be somewhat more than 
accidental, and to signify the original introduction of this variety 
from Japan. We have, in the attempts at amelioration, noted 
z Vilmorin, l. c., 60. 2 Pickering, Ch. Hist., 190. 
3 Delile, Fl. Ægypt, illust. 4 Birdwood, Veg. Prod. of Bomb., 162. 
5 Kaempfer, Amæn., 1712, 822; Thunb., Jap.; 117. . 
