Sea-side Study on the Coast of California. 35 
is sometimes an advantage, it is true that much work can oftentimes 
really be aceomplished if these two functions are performed by 
specialists. In no short time there arose in Europe, in the best 
localities on the coast, permanent laboratories with all appliances for 
continuous work. It was no longer necessary for the investigator 
to explore the coast to find out where the best collecting grounds are, 
or to make arrangements with fishermen and educate them for the 
work, i 
He was no longer obliged to spend months in search of some 
animal whose favorite habitat and breeding place must be discov- 
ered before research upon their anatomy, embryology, or histology, 
could be carried on, but all these difficulties were reduced to a min- 
imum. Well-endowed stations with equipments have arisen. 
Continuous observations in the same place have taught when and 
how certain animals can best be found; and the naturalist now 
economized time and money, while by working in the established 
laboratories he finds himself associated with others interested in 
the same work. Mauch praise must be given to the pioneers in this 
study, and the younger school of naturalists, from the vantage 
ground which they occupy, are apt to overlook the difficulties which 
those before them encountered. 
On the Atlantic coast of the United States we have passed or are 
passing into a second stage in the development of the study of 
marine zoölogy. While the older American zoölogists in their 
earlier days sought the shore with no help from state or college, we 
now have well-equipped laboratories bringing many other advan- 
tages. The contributions to science made by the U. S. Fish Com- 
mission, Mr. Agassiz’? Newport Marine Laboratory, and the 
Chesapeake Marine Laboratory, tell of the harvest which may come 
from the second stage in the development of marine research in 
America. While these stations have accomplished a great deal in 
carrying on the study, much is done every year by summer schools of 
natural history and by individual naturalists unconnected with any 
of these stations or schools. Professors of our colleges visit the 
shore with pupils, and in several instances have made extended 
investigations wholly independent of public or private marine lab- 
oratories. These efforts have much to recommend them, but are 
the systematic zodlogist. It is, as suggested to me by a well-educated 
naturalist for whom I have great respect, like the hands of the clock say- 
ing to the pendulum, “ I have no need of thee.” 
