Recent Books and Pamphlets. 49 
separate basins. This change, commenced in the Permian, ended 
by converting into dry land all European Russia except the south- 
west part of ‘Poland. Duri ing the Middle Trias, Upper Trias, and 
Lower Jurassic, the land surface of Russia was much as now, 
except that marine beds occur in southern Poland, and Liassic beds 
in the Crimea and Caucasus. In Upper Jurassic times the sea 
again spread over a large part of Russia, probably commencing in 
the west, as is evideneed by typical Middle Jurassic strata in that 
quarter. The similarity of the fossil forms of this wide-spread 
sea, which stretched from the Arctic to the Caspian, and covered 
most of the Caucasus, to those of Western Europe indicates free 
communication. At the end of the Jurassic period the area of this 
sea became much narrowed by the advance eastward of its eastern 
coast line, yet still communicated with the Jurassic waters of West- 
ern Europe until the Upper Volga stage. During the Lower 
Cretaceous only a narrow belt of sea divided the land of Europe 
dary of this sea advanced southwards. In Miocene times the 
regions around the Caspian and Black Seas formed part of the 
Mediterranean and Sarmatian basins, the latter extending eastward 
to or beyond the present Aral Sea. src i in Post-Pliocene times, 
the Aralo-Caspian basin covered a large area northward of the 
Caspian, while the ice of the Glacial Period swept downward from 
the north over by far the greater part cf European Russia, almost 
reaching the Aisle en basin. W 
RECENT BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS. 
Fairchild, H. Leroy.—History of the New York Academy of Sciences. 
New York, 1887. From the author. 
Ridgway, R.—A Manual of North American Birds. Philadelphia, 
1887. J. B. Lippincott Co. From the author 
Barrows, S. J.—Science and Immortality. Boston. G. H. Ellis. 1887. 
Giles, O. (Rev.).—The True and the False Theory of Evolution. Phila- 
delphia. W.H. Alden 
berry, J. 
and A odiaulty. A scot Trans. N. Y cad. Sci. vou I 
e author. 
J. S.—Food and Fiber Plants of the North American In- 
owberry, 
dians. Repr. Pop. Sci. Monthly. Nov. 1887. From the author. 
eee. Ch.—L’ Homme avant l'Histoire. Paris, 1888. From the 
or. 
Forbes, S. 4.—Contribution to a Koriolan of the AE RE the 
Hessian - Fly. 1887. From the author 
