78 General Notes. 
species may be mentioned the rhinoceros, Aceratherium blanfordi 
Lydd , and Hippotherium richthofeni Koken. Prominent Pikermi 
forms are—Macherodus leoninus R. -5 Palworeas lindermay- 
eri, Helladotherium duvernoyi Gaudry ; Mastodon pentelici Wagn. ; 
Palhyena hipparionum Gerv.; Hyena eximia Wagn., and Sus 
erymanthius R. & W. Dr. Kittl deecribes the Carnivora in the 
present paper. He finds the following new species: Macherodus 
orientalis K., Meles maraghanus, and Meles polaki. The Machero- 
dus is one of the smaller forms, allied to M. megantereon, but was a 
formidable animal—as large as a full-sized leopard. 
Maragha is in Persia. The horizon is Upper Miocene, or Mio- 
pliocene. 
ZOOLOGICAL NrEws.—GENERAL.—Observations on the structure 
and distribution of stripe and unstriped muscle in the animal king- 
dom, conducted by C. F. Marshall, go to show that the striped form 
is found in the disc of meduse, but not in Actinia nor in Echino- 
derms. Some Vermes show moths, as the Arthropoda and the 
Arachnida possess the striped form; but the Leech and the earth- 
worm are without it, and the mollusca which possess it are those 
which, as Pecten, move rapidly. An intracellular network is always 
present in striped muscle-fibre, and this network is developed where 
rapid and frequent movements have to be performed. The contrac- 
tion of the striped muscle-fibre is referred by Mr. Marshall to the 
action of the longitudinal bars of the network, while he considers 
the transverse fibres as passively elastic, and by their rebound as 
causative of the relation of the muscle-fibre. The cardiac muscle 
cells contain a network similar to that of ordinary striped muscle. 
ARTHROPODA.—The development of Peripatus Nove-Zealandi¢ 
is described by Miss Lilian Sheldon in the Quart. Jour. Micros. 
Soc., Nov., 1887. The species is viviparous; the segmentation 
resembles that noted by Henking in certain Phalangide ; and the 
embryo derives nutriment partly from the yolk within its body, 
partly from a peripheral layer. 
FisHEes.—Professor D’Arey W. Thompson states (Ann. and Mag. 
Nat. Hist., Sept., 1887) that the blood-corpucles of Myxine, instead 
of being small and round, like those of Petromyzon, are large and 
oval, like those of skates or dog-fish. 
POLYPRION PROGNATHUS, the Hapuku of New Zealand, and one 
of the most esteemed food-fishes of the Southern Hemisphere, 15, 
according to Dr. A. Giinther, identical with Polyprion ’ 
described by Steindachner, from Juan Fernandez. It is therefore 
widely distributed and antipodal to the only other species known, — 
P.cernium. The latter is shown by Lowe (Fish. Madiora, p. 185) 
to be a deep-sea fish, swimming near the surface when young, but 
when adult living at depths of 300 fathoms or more. 
