152 Recent Literature. 
RECENT LITERATURE. 
CLAYPOLE’S “ THE LAKE AGE IN On10.” !—The course of the 
terminal moraine in Ohio is westward from the New York line to 
about the middle of the State, after which it swerves south and 
- southwest so as to cross into Kentucky. “The ice,” says our author, 
“dammed the Ohio River above the site of Cincinnati, ” forming a 
sheet of water which he names “Lake Ohio.” As the banks of 
the Ohio are 400 to 500 feet high at Cincinnati, the ice must have 
been thicker than this. If assumed at 500 feet, the rim of the ice 
would be 365 feet above the level of Lake Erie. The entire south 
of Ohio, a large portion of West Virginia, and portions of Ken- 
tucky and Pennsylvania, including the site of Pittsburgh, must thus 
have been under water, forming a lake some 400 miles by 200. 
Professor Claypole, from the mass of the moraine, and other rea- 
sons, assigns considerable time to the life of this lake before the ice- 
dam gave way, at first to be repaired every winter, at last utterly. 
When the glacier, in its further retreat, had crossed the water- 
shed, the waters formed by its melting, unable to escape towards 
the north, formed a series of smaller lakes in what are now the val- 
leys of rivers flowing into Lakes Erie and Ontario. As a conse- 
quence of the still farther retreat of the ice, these lakes became 
confluent, the water was drained away from those that lay highest, 
and carried off through the lowest water-gap, paving the way for 
the formation of Lakes Erie and Ontario, which at one stage 
formed a single vast sheet of w 
For some time a narrow re A stretching across the St. Law- 
rence valley held the waters of this great lake at a level of 700 
feet above the sea 
Professor Claypole traces the various steps of the ice retreat and 
lake formation with much care, and illustrates his argument with 
four maps. WNL 
RECENT BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS. 
Winchell, A. Prge ten oe or Elements of Geology. Chicago: 
Griggs & Co. 1887. From the publishers 
Kittl, E. Fe reas miocenen Tegel von Walbersdorf Sep-abd a. 
Band I. d. n. d.k.k. naturhist-Hofnmuseums. From the author. 
—Der goolonindien Bau der Umgebreng von Wien. 1887, From the 
author.— Beiträge a Kenntniss der sepa Silugethiere von Mara 
gha in Persien. Carnivoren. p. abd. a Ban Ha, nn. 
a k.k. naturhist. T oraaa 1887. Froo thes editor 
~ 1 The Lake Age i in Ohio, or Some Episodes during the Retreat of the 
North American Ice-sheet. By E. W. Claypole, B.A., B.S.C. Edin- 
burgh: Maclachlan & Stewart. 1887. 
