344 General Notes. 
GEOLOGY AND PALZONTOLOGY. 
NOTES ON THE DRIFT NORTH OF LAKE OnTARIO, is the title ofa 
paper read by Professor J. W. Spencer before the Phil. Soc., Wash- 
ington, March 3d. This short paper is a generalized description of 
some of the obscure and conflicting phenomena of the drift, of which 
this notice is an abstract. 
mongst the deposits of the later Pleistocene period, there is a 
well stratified, hardened, brown clay, charged with pebbles which 
are more or less glaciated, resting upon the typical blue boulder 
clay, north of Toronto. In the Canadian classification of the 
Pleistocene deposits there is no place for this deposit. Indeed, all 
of the stratified deposits of this region need revision in the light of 
the progress that has been made in surface geology during the last 
twenty years. Thus the Saugeen clay is resolvable into three series. 
The relation of all the clays to the older beaches require special 
study, as a part of them probably represent the deep water deposits 
of the Beach epoch, while some of the later beaches rest upon such 
clays. Around the head of Georgian Bay there are ridges, in the 
form of moraines, similar to those about the other Great Lakes, 
reaching to the height of 1300 to 1400 feet above the sea. From 
the face of the Niagara Escarpment—between Georgian Bay and 
Lake Ontario—there extends, for over a hundred miles, to near 
Belleville, a broad zone, of from eight to twenty miles in width, 
covered with drift ridges, composed of stony clay below, and fre- 
quently stratified clay or sand above, having an elevation of 1100 
to 1200 feet above the sea, with occasional reductions to 900 feet. 
These “Oak Hills or Ridges” rise from 300 to 500 feet above the 
Paleozoic country to the north. The stones in the clay are often 
glaciated limestone, with only a small proportion of crystalline 
ebbles or boulders. In the deposits of the ridge native copper . 
been found; consequently the drift-carrying agent moved 
southeastward down Georgian Bay, to the west end of the Oak 
Ridge, and probably throughout its whole length, North and east 
of Belleville there are many lower and fragmentary ridges, havin 
a trend somewhat across that of the Oak Ridge. The glaciation o. 
the region adds great difficulties to the explanation of the phenom- 
ena. The striation in the Ottawa Valley, from Lake Tamiscamang 
to the junction with the St. Lawrence, is to the southeastward, with 
- very rare local exceptions. Of the Niagara ment, between 
Georgian Bay and Lake Ontario, from 1600 down to 700 feet 
above the sea, the striæ are also to the southeast; but between these 
widely separated regions the surface marking of the rocks are 
