l 
History of Garden Vegetables. 423 
Burr! in 1863, and is now found in the lists of some of our 
seedsmen.? 
The Fennel-flower, or Roman Coriander, was called, in 1586,‘ 
by the Moors, vamin, sunis or sunici; in Italy, melanthio or niella ; 
in Germany, schwartz Kummel or schwartz Koriander; in Spain, 
neguilla or alipurie; in France, barbue poyurette or nielle. 
The modern names are: in France, nigelle aromatique, cumin 
noire, epicerie, gith, graine noire, nielle, quatre-epices, senonge, toute- 
epice; in Germany, Schwartz-kummel, kohm; in Flanders and Hol- 
land, narduszaad; in Spain, nigela aromatica, neguilla; in Italy, 
nigella, commnella, melanzio domestico; in Greece, mawrokoukatheis 
maurokoukki.® 
In Arab, shoonez,5 habbah sondeh (i.e., black seed), kammoun asouad 
(i.e., black cumin) ;7 in Bengali, mugrela;* in Burma, sa-mung- 
net ;° in Ceylon, kaloodooroo ; in Egypt, hub-sindee; in Hindustani, 
kalajira ; in Persia, siahdaneh ; in Sanscrit, krishna~jiraka-musavi ; ê 
etc. 
French Szorzonera. Picridium vulgare Desf. 
This salad plant is cultivated in Italian gardens, where it is much 
esteemed.* It is also used somewhat in France, and was intro- 
duced into England in 1822. It is also of recent introduction into 
French culture.” In the United States it is noted by Burr™ in 1863. 
The young leaves are the parts used. 
It is called in France picridie cultivee, cousteline, terra crepie; 
Italy, caccialepre, terra crepolo.” 
Garlic. Allium sativum L. 
The garlic is believed to be the skorodon hemeron of Dioscorides, 
the skorodon of Theophrastus and Aristoteles among the Greeks ; 
1 Burr. age and Gard., Pl. of Am., 1863, 429. 
? Vick’s Cat., 1884. 
3 Vilmorin. ai Veg. Gard., 1885, 247, 
‘t Camerarius. Epit., oper 551. 
, Pickering. Ch. Hist., 1 
* Birdwood. Veg. Prod. or Bomb., 3. 
‘Delile. Fl. Æg., iii. 
e 
10 Noisette. en < 1860, i, nag 
u Burr. Field and Gard. Ve 
2 Vilmorin. Les Pl. Plot., 407; vie Gard., 515. 
