424 History of Garden Vegetables. 
the allium of Pliny and Palladius among the Romans. Among the - 
Egyptians it was ranked among the gods in taking an oath! On 
account of its objectionable odor it was avoided in Rome,’ but it was 
probably eaten by the common people as now in southern Europe. 
It is mentioned in the earlier European herbals as in cultivation, and 
in England, in 1551, by Turner,’ and in 1548 by Tusser.* In Peru, 
Acosta® says, in 1604, that “the Indians esteem garlike above all 
the rootes of Europe,” and in Mexico, even earlier, Peter Martyn,‘ 
in 1577, noted its presence. It was in the garden of the Choctaw 
Indians, in North America, before 1775.’ It is said to have been 
introduced to China 140-86 B.C., and to be found noticed in vari- 
ous Chinese treatises of the fifth, sixteenth, seventeenth and eigh- 
teenth centuries. Louriero! found it under cultivation in Cochin- 
china. Two varieties are described by Vilmorin"™ in 1883, the 
common and the pink; and both were in American gardens in 
1863." 
The garlie is called in France ail ordinaire, theriaque des paysans; 
in Germany, gewohnlicher knoblauch; in Flanders, look; in Hol- 
land, knoflook; in Denmark, huidlog; in Italy, aglio; in Spain, 
ajo vulgar; in Portugal, alho;" in Russia, tschesnok;* in Greece, 
aglithia, gelgithia, shorton,® scordon.™ 
n Arabic, toum,” teriac-rowstyan; in Bengali, loshoon, lushoona, 
rushoon; in Ceylon, soodooloonoo ; * in China, svon ; in Cochinchina, 
cay toi; in Egypt, tom;** in India, luhsun or bulbros;" in Malaya, 
buvung-pootie; in Persia, seer; in Sanscrit, mahooshooda; in He- 
brew, schowm, schumin.“ 
1 Wilkinson. Ancient Egyptians, ii., 31. 
2 Unger. U.S. Pat. of Rept., 1859, 334 
3 Miller’s Dict., 1807. 
* McIntosh. Book of the Gard., ii., 29. 
5 Acosta. Hist. of the Ind., 1604, 261. His first edition, 1590. 
6 P. Martyn. Eden’s Hist. of Trav., 1577 
1 Roman’s Nat. Hist. of Fla., 1775, i; 84. 
8 Bretschneider. On the Study, ete., 15. 
? Bretschneider. Bot. Sin., 78, 59, 83, 85. 
10 Louriero. Fl. Cochinch., 201. z 
u Vilmorin. Les Pl. Pot., 1883, 2. 
12 Burr. Field and Gard. Mad 1863. 
18 Pickering. Ch. Hist., 145. 
14 Decandolle. fie = pi Cult., 51. 
15 Delile. Fl. Æg., i 
1 Birdwood. Veg. Pa of Bomb., 249. 
11 Şpeede Ind. Handb. of Gard., 159. 
