History of Garden Vegetables. 431 
as collected from the wild plant, rather as a luxury than as a 
food. Dodonzus,' in 1616, refers to the use of the young shoots, 
as collected apparently from the hop yard, as does also Camera- 
rius, in 1586, and others. 
The hop is called in France houblon; in Germany, Hopfen; in 
Flanders, hop; in Italy, luppolo; in Spain, lupulo, hombrecillos ;* in 
Tartar, kumalak ; in Hungarian, comlo; in Sweden, humle; in Den- 
mark, homle. 
Horehound. Marrubium vulgare L. 
This plant affords a popular domestic remedy, and seems in this 
country to be an inmate of the medicinal herb garden only. In 
Europe the leaves are sometimes employed as a condiment. Al- 
though a plant of the old world, it has now secured naturaliza- 
tion in the New World from Canada to Buenos Ayres and Chili, 
excepting within the tropics.4 It is figured by Clusius, in 1601, 
and finds mention by many of the botanists of that period. 
Horehound is called in France marrube blanc; in Germany, 
andorn; in Italy, marrubio. 
Pliny® refers to the Marrubium, among medicinal plants in 
high esteem, and it finds mention by Columella.” Albertus Mag- 
nus,’ in the thirteenth century, also refers to its valuable remedial 
properties in coughs. We may hence believe tha* as a herb of 
domestic medicine it has accompanied emigrants into all the cooler 
portions of the globe. 
Horseradish. Cochlearia armoracia L. 
This plant cannot be identified with certainty with the Armoracia 
of the Romans.’ If it be the armoracia of Palladius,” which is a 
wild plant transferred to the garden, it is very curious that its use 
1 Dodonæus. Pempt., 1616, 609. 
* Decandolle. pria Bot., 751, 
° Albertus Magnus. De Veg., Jessen ed., 1867, 539. 
°? Decandolle. Orig. des Pl. Cult., 27; Pharmacographia, 1879, 71. 
1 Palladius. Lib. iv., c. 9; lib. xi., c. 2; lib. xii, c. 6. Palladius 
flourished about 210 A. D. 
