608 Surface Fauna of the Bay of Fundy. 
The student of the geographical distribution of pelagic life will, 
I believe, find a correlation between the facies of this fauna and the 
zones of equal temperatures of the sea. An improvement in the 
projection of these zones on the maps of oceans will lead to a 
corresponding advance in our knowledge of the distribution of 
marine life characteristic of the surface of the sea. If we accept 
the proposition that the pelagic fauna of the Bay of Fundy is Arctic 
in its facies, it becomes an interesting thing to study carefully this 
fauna in its relation to animals found in deep-sea.! Is there a 
closer affinity between animals found on the surface of the ocean, 
where the water has an Arctic temperature, and those of the deep 
water where the temperature is the same, than between those of the 
surface of the ocean in the tropics and deep water, where there is a 
marked difference in temperature? Although marine zoology has 
never been a primary object of polar exploration, it is probably true 
that most interesting results are to be looked for if the attention of 
Arctic explorers is turned to the importance of this study. Let 
me call to mind one interesting aspect of the study of marine ani- 
mals from polar regions. Now that the character of the deep-sea 
fauna may be said to be known, as far as its general facies is con- 
cerned, it may be well to ask whether there are any places on the 
globe where conditions found in deep water are repeated in shallow 
seas, and where there is a similitude in the environment under 
which life exists. 
There are two conditions under which deep-sea life is placed 
which may be considered. The first of these is pressure, a condition 
which we can normally expect to find only in the sea at great 
depths ; the second is a low temperature of the water which exists 
in certain oceans at the surface? A third condition, viz, the 
amount of light, is in a way connected with the second. In my 
consideration of the subject it is not discussed. 
1 The explanation advanced by physical geographers that cold 
waters near land are sometimes due to a replacement of surface waters 
by those from great depths may explain many peculiarities in the dis- 
tribution of life. 
2 Murdoch’s record of pelagic animals taken from the Arctic Ocean 
when the temperature was 29.1° F., is among the most valuable which 
have been made on the character of pelagic life in water of this low 
surface temperature. If they are not the first observations on this sub- 
ject, they are certainly the most complete. 
