Cerebrology in Phrenoiogy. 613 
found to be defective, he warmed to the conclusion that he could 
lick any one who opposed phrenology with such “ ipsy dixys.” 
Gall and Spurzheim are always cited by phrenologis.s as the 
founders of their system. While this is true, and it is also 
undoubted that they were in advance of the early part of this cen- 
tury in brain anatomy and philosophical guess work of brain func- 
tions, it is forgotten that but few anatomists of note have sustained 
the theories that have been piled upon the fairly well done work of 
a time when brain study was infantile. The ignorance of those 
who practice phrenology as an art, their illogicality, impudence and 
. rapacity for fees, the fact that phrenology stands isolated from all 
the sciences, having nothing to do with physiology, chemistry, 
microscopy or pathology, as cerebrology has; its frequent defiance 
of exact knowledge which negatives the pretensions of bumpology, 
—all relegate phrenological claims to an equality with those of 
spiritualism, Christian science, jugglery and the multitude of penny- 
catching devices of an age of never-failing crops of knaves and 
fools. There is nothing like a good knowledge of physiology to 
destroy charlatanism and the superstition upon which it fattens. 
But alchemy gave us some chemical facts, and astrology was 
mixed up with a few astronomical truths. Psychical research 
societies are trying to examine prestidigitation as one would study 
the mechanism of a watch through its key-hole, and it seems to me 
that patient study can be applied profitably to an examination of 
moribund old phrenology. 
The tendency was extreme to locate pin-head points on the cra- 
nium that would reveal such things as whether one preferred coffee 
to tea; but, starting with the admission that there is a little truth 
m phrenology, in a general way, we are also confronted with the 
fact that, no matter how it is done, there has been some pretty 
shrewd guessing at character by even ignorant phrenologists. Their 
physiognomy studies are incomparably inferior to those of Darwin, 
or even those of the windy Lavater. Every one is an unconscious 
Physiognomist without having analyzed expression ; phrenologists 
make use of this common ability in estimating character. But this 
does not include their entire method, as they often hit off traits 
more happily than mere expression would enable them to do. 
First of all let us glance at what is really known about heads 
