614 Cerebrology in Phrenology. 
and their contents, and then see how much of phrenology can be 
adjusted thereto. 
Prognathism and acuteness of Camper’s angle are well-known 
indications of less intelligence. Apes also have less skull capacity 
with larger and more numerous ridges for muscle attachment. 
The European has a characteristic medium (mesocephalic), 
rounder, oval or elliptical head, with no portion too prominent or 
flat, presenting.more symmetry of contour, with oval face and full, 
expanded, elevated forehead. Want of symmetry, if marked, 
attends mental defect, but it has occurred in highly gifted men such 
as the French anatomist Bichat. No two heads are exactly alike 
any more than are two faces. The proportions existing between 
the front, middle and back parts of the head are of some value; 
departures from a width of eight and length of ten (mesocepha- 
lism), measured from one auricular aperture over the head to the 
other, and nose root over the head to the nucha, determine whether 
the skull shall be considered long, dolichocephalic, or broad, brachy- 
cephalic. 
The front expanse is associated with a possible reasoning power, 
the back part with animality, but as this is necessary to force of 
character, a well-balanced head would be one that had a fair size of 
both parts. As the frontal bone is elevated the parietal must be 
raised to meet it. The artist Haydon, by cutting off this parietal 
raise, showed that the head was reduced from an intellectual to an 
animal appearance. Scaphocephalism, or a boat-shaped depression 
of the summit, occurs from defective parietal bone formation. 
The Kalmucks incline to brachycephalism, while the negro 1$ 
dolichocephalic, with prognathous jaw, large temporal and auricular 
muscles and low foreheads; the Esquimaux are tectocephalic (rafter- 
headed), with flat, pyramidal or lozenge-shaped faces, due to exces- 
sive zygoma projection, and narrow foreheads. 
Carpenter notes that want, squalor and ignorance diminish the 
cranial and increase the facial size. 
With increase of intelligence there is a larger brain mass in pro- 
portion to the muscular size, and also to the size of the spinal cord 
and peripheral nerves. I claim priority! in adopting the sulcus of 
1 Sulcus of Rolando and Intelligence. Written Feb., 1880. Journal 
of Nervous and Mental Disease, April, 1880. : 
