618 Cerebrology in Phrenology. 
their approval will tend to regulate acts, a form of cautious defer- 
ence dominates the person; if a wider, higher and better form of 
cautiousness, based upon what one considers his highest interests, 
is higher expediency ideals, whether with reference to this or 
another world, then the person is said to be conscientious. At this 
stage of analysis of what these inhibitory or impulse connections 
involved, I was astounded by recalling that phrenologists group 
“ conscientiousness, approbativeness and cautiousness” in the iden- 
tical place under discussion. The process of arriving at this dis- 
covery was by first recognizing inhibition to be but cautious con- 
trol, and I have long held the idea that conscientiousness was but a 
higher caution.’ Startled by noting that phrenologists place them 
next one another, as they assert, empirically, they having found 
these eminences to be prominent in persons who were thus scrupu- 
lous or guarded, I next observed that “approbativeness”’ is placed 
behind, but adjoining “caution and conscientiousness.” This nar- 
ration should acquit me of special pleading. Disposed unfavorably, 
as I was and am, against phrenology, as in the main a pseudo-sci- 
` ence, my aim has been to unsparingly criticize it. 
This group of alleged bumps in the position the phrenologists 
assign it is a remarkable coincidence, if it prove to be no more. 
I prefer the designation Impulse and Memory region until more 
scientific men than phrenologists agree upon the separation of the 
area into the divisions, “ cautiousness, conscientiousness and appro- 
bativeness,” which cannot be done until we ascertain whether phre- 
nologists lied, were mistaken, or were right in this particular. 
“ Firmness, Self-esteem, and Continuity” are placed by them 
over the tonsure or earliest bald spot, beneath which in the brain is 
the summit of the Rolandic sulcus, injury to which invariably 
causes paralysis of the opposite side. We can concede that an 
abundance of arm and leg centres in this region would indicate the 
possession of self-reliance, nor would it be far-fetched to interpret 
such control as firmness, scoring another for phrenology; an excess 
of this might be construed into self-esteem, and if the motor area 
(as in fact it does sometimes) extend farther occipitally, then this 
brain centre increase of cells and fibrils serving for better innerva- 
tion of arms, legs and other parts, might be allowed to constitute 
ı Comparative Physiology and Psychology. A. C. McClurg & Co., 1884. 
