Holsts Studies in Glacial Geology. 707 
an inner-moraine. Such occurrences become gradually more rare 
as one proceeds further up on the inland-ice and away from land. 
How the ground-moraine may occasionally form ridges on the top 
of the ice will be mentioned further on under the heading of border- 
moraines. 
The most important moraine is the inner-moraine. From its 
location in the very mass of the ice it will gradually appear on the 
top as the ice melts away from its surface. It is thus generally 
found wherever the inland-ice borders upon land, whether this be 
the nunataks or the coast-lying land. Sometimes it consists of scat- 
tered stones and patches of gravel not forming a continuous cover- 
ing, and then there are generally no considerable moraine deposits 
on the land adjacent to the ice. At other places it occurs in such 
abundance as completely to hide the underlying ice, giving the 
impression of deposits from a departed glacier rather than of a 
moraine still resting on the top of a glacier. 
The greatest inner moraine observed by Dr. Holst was one along 
the southern edge of Fredrikshaab’s ice-blink. It had its eastern 
limit close to the lake Tasek Atdlek and extended along the south- 
ern side of the ice-blink for a distance of nearly twelve miles. Its 
width, not far from the eastern end, was about half a mile, but the 
western half of it was more than a mile wide (in one place 8,300 
feet), until near the western end it again became narrower. Its 
ickness is always greatest near land, but here it is often quite 
difficult to estimate its actual thickness, as it sometimes forms a 
compact covering, only in some fissures showing the underlying ice. 
This uneven thickness of the moraine-cover offers to the ice a pro- 
portionally varying protection against the sun, It thus happens 
that the unequal thawing moulds the underlying surface of the ice 
into valleys and hills, the latter sometimes rising to a height of fifty 
feet above the adjacent valley, and being so densely covered with 
moraine material that this completely hides the ice core, which, 
however, often forms the main part of the hill. 
Farther in on the ice, the moraine gradually thins out. At the 
locality just referred to, the moraine-cover, 3,000 feet from land, 
measured several inches in depth; still the ice .was seen in some 
bare spots, Beyond 4,000 feet from land, the moraine formed no 
continuous cover, and at 8,300 feet it ceased entirely, with a per- 
