708 Holsts Studies in Glacial Geology. 
ceptible limit against the clear ice. Only some scattered spots of 
sand and gravel were met with even a few hundred feet farther in 
on the ice. Dr. Holst estimated the average thickness of the mo- 
raine taken across its entire width near its eastern end at one to two 
feet. The limit between the moraine-cover and the pure ice is 
always located at a considerable though varying elevation above the 
edge of the inland-ice. In the instance of the above-mentioned 
moraine it varied between 200 feet and 500 feet. 
The inner-moraine consists of stones, gravel and sand, mixed 
together. The largest blocks rarely exceed six feet in diameter, 
whilst by far the greatest number of them are much smaller and of 
a nearly uniform size. Rounded and scratched stones, derived 
from a ground-moraine may, in exceptional cases, be found among 
them, otherwise the material of the inner-moraine is characterized 
by its angular form, it is equivalent to the s. c. “ surface-grav a 
“upper boulder-gravel.” 
There can be but one opinion with regard to the origin of the 
inner-moraine. When pushing forward over higher ledges the 
inland-ice disintegrates the rock and carries the débris along. In 
its further course the ice will for some time retain nearly the same 
level, and the rock fragments will thus be located in the ice, not 
under it. As the ice melts away above on approaching to land 
this inner moraine will gradually come to the surface. 
t seems proper to apply a special term for those ridge-like mo- 
raines which occur on the top of the ice, near land and parallel to 
it, and are met with especially in places where the land has pro- 
iecting points which indent the ice; the moraines around the 
nunataks seem to be partially of the same character. These mo- 
raines surround the said points or the nunataks more or less m 
curves. Being thus confined to the borders of the inland ice they 
may appropriately be called border-moraines. a 
e border moraines north of the Arsuk fjord ice-river are visible 
far out on the sea off Ivigtut. Dr. Holst examined one that sur- 
rounds the southernmost strip of land at a distance from land i 
about 2,000 feet. Itis not one continuous ridge but consists of 
several disconnected portions arranged in a semi-circle. One i 
these portions was about 200 feet wide and thirty-five feet pe j 
This moraine was mainly a ground-moraine, probably forced up y 
some elevation of the ledge under the ice. 
