History of Garden Vegetables. 803 
flavor of the fleshy parts of the leaves have caused it to be used as 
a fresh table vegetable for summer use in warm, dry countries. It 
is, however, he adds, not without merit as an ornamental plant. 
It is called in France ficoide glaciale, glaciale ; in Germany, sis- 
kraut; in Flanders and Holland, ijsplant, ijskruid ; in Italy, erba 
diaeciola ; in Spain, escarchosa, escarcha.! 
Italian Corn Salad. Valerianella eriocarpa Desv. 
This species occurs in gardens in two varieties. It has a lighter 
green, somewhat longer leaf than the ordinary corn salad, slightly 
hairy and a little dentate on the borders towards the base? It has 
the same uses. It is described for American gardens in 1863. 
Under its common name grosse mache it is noticed in France in 
1829, and also as mache d’ Italie in 1824.4 
Called in France mache d’ Italie, regence, grosse mache; in Ger- 
many, italienischer ackersalat ; in Holland, italiansche koornsalad. 
aleriana coronata Willd. is occasionally grown abroad as a salad 
plant under the name of Italian corn salad. 
Jerusalem Artichoke. Helianthus tuberosus L. 
This plant was cultivated by the Huron Indians,’ and was in use 
by the New England Indians at an early period. It reached Eu- 
Tope in the early part of the seventeenth century, as it is not men- 
tioned in Bauhin’s Phytopinax, 1596, and is mentioned in his 
Pinax, 1623, where, among other names, he calls it “ Chrysanthe- 
mum e Canada quibusdam, Canada & Artichoki sub terra, aliis.” 
It is figured by Columna” in 161 6, and also by Laurembergius‘ in 
1632, and Ray, 1686, is the first use I have found of the name 
Jerusalem artichoke, but Parkinson uses the word in 1640, accord- 
ing to Gray., In 1727 Townsend’ says it “is a Root fit to be eat 
1 Vilmorin. Les Pl. Pot., 1883, 218. 
s Vilmorin. Les Pl. Pot., 1883, 325. 
Burr, Field and Gard. Veg., 340. 
* Noisette. Man., 1829; L’ Hort. Fran., 1824. 
5 Asa Gray. Am. Agric., 1877, 142. 
° Pickering. Ch. Hist., 749. 
‘ Columna, Minus cognit. stirp. pars altera, 1616, 13. 
Laurembergius. Apparat. Plant., 1632, 131. 
* Townsend, seedsman, 1726, 23. 
