804 History of Garden Vegetables. 
about Christmas when it is boil’d”; Mawe,' in 1778, says it is by 
many esteemed ; Bryant, in 1783, says, “not much cultivated.” 
In 1806 McMahon? speaks of it in American gardens, and calls it 
“a wholesome, palatable food.” In 1863 Burr‘ describes varieties 
with white, purple, red and yellow-skinned tubers. 
The Jerusalem artichoke is called in France, topinambour, arti- 
chaut du Canada, A. de Jerusalem, A. de terre, crompire, poire de 
terre soleil vivace, tertifle, topinamboux ; in Germany, erdapfel, erd- 
birne ; in Flanders, aardpeer ; in Denmark, jordskokken ; in Italy, 
girasole del Canada, tartufoli; in Spain, namara pataca ; in Por- 
tugal, topinambor, batata carvalha ;* in Bengali, bhramoka, soorjya- 
mookhee.® 
The history of the Jerusalem artichoke has been well treated by 
Gray and Trumbull, in the American Journal of Science, May, 
1877, and April, 1883. It was found in culture at the Lew Chew 
islands about 1853.’ 
We offer a synonymy as below :— 
Flos Solis Farnesianus sive Aster Peruanus tubercosus. Col., 1616, 13. 
Helianthemum indicum tuberosum. Bauh. pin., 1623, 277. i 
De Solis “ie tuberoso, seu flore Farnesiano Fabii Columne. Aldinus, 
Battatas fei Cait Park. par., 1629, ex Gra 
Adenes Canadenses seu flos solis glandulosus. Lauremb., 1682, 132. 
Flos Solis pyramidalis, parvo flore, tuberosa radice, Heliotropium indi- 
cum. r., 1633. 
Peruanus ai flo ex Indiis tuberosus. Col. in Hern., 1651, 878, 881, 
Potatoes Dadada. Coles, 1657, ex Phillips. 
Canada & Artischokki sub terra. H. R. P., 1665, ex Gray. 
Chrysanthemum latifolium Brasilianum. Bauh. prod., 1671, 70. 
Chrysanthemum Canadense arumosum. Cat. H. L. B., 1672, ex Gray. 
Helenium Canadense. Amman., 1676, ex Gray. 
ee perenne majus fol, integris, americanum tuberum- 
r., 1630, ex Mill dict. 
Foii Artichoke. Ray, 1686, 835. 
1 Mawe. Gard., 1778. 
3 McMahon. Am. Gard. Cal., 1806. 
t Burr. Field and Gard. Veg. of Am., 1863, 39. 
5 Vilmorin. Les Pl. Pot., 561. 
€ Perry’s Jap., ii., 44. 
1 Birdwood. Veg. Prod. of Bomb., 165. 
