Seience- Teaching in the Schools. 909 
the skin. Emphasize importance of correct attitudes while the 
framework of the body is rapidly growing and taking shape. Warn 
against stooping shoulders and crooked backs. The teeth—their 
forms and uses. Emphasize importance of proper mastication. 
Necessity of cleaning teeth. 
Zoology.—Lessons on mammals continued. Special study and 
comparison of limbs of mammals. Let the pupils find the elbow, 
wrist, knee, and ankle, in the cat, dog, horse, cow, rat, squirrel, and 
any other mammals of which specimens or pictures may be at hand. 
Thus teach the idea of homology, though the word should not be 
used. Compare the teeth of common mammals, and lead pupils 
to recognize adaptation of different kinds of teeth to different kinds 
of food. Teach pupils to recognize degrees of resemblance between 
animals, The cat and the dog resemble each other more than 
either resembles the horse or the rat. Develop idea of classifica- 
tion. Lead pupils to recognize characters of carnivores, ungulates, 
rodents. Most of the mammals with which the children are famil- 
iar are included in these three orders. But tell them about mon- 
keys and kangaroos and other very different forms of mammals, 
that they may not suppose that all mammals are so included. 
Botany.—Different kinds of stems—woody and herbaceous, exo- 
genous and endogenous. By study of numerous examples lead 
pupils to recognize that exogenous stems usually bear net-veined 
leaves, and endogenous stems usually bear parallel-veined leaves. 
Distinguish deciduous and evergreen trees. Let the pupils make 
lists of each. | 
GRADE III, 
Physiology.—Elementary ideas of digestion. Why do we eat? 
_ All parts of the body are made of the food which we eat. Food 
is made into blood, and blood made into all the materials of the 
body. But our food is mostly solid, and must be made liquid 
before it can get into the blood. Different substances dissolve 
in different liquids—e.g., salt in water, camphor gum in alcohol, 
iron filings in dilute sulphuric acid. Show these experiments. 
Body itself must make liquids which will dissolve food. Put lump 
of sugar in mouth. Mouth fills with saliva, and sugar is dis- 
solved. This illustrateś secretion of digestive fluids. But meat 
will not dissolve in saliva. What does become of it? Show 
