910 Science-Teaching in the Schools. 
anatomical plate of stomach, and tell about gastric juice. Teach 
(with use of anatomical diagrams) outlines of anatomy of digestive 
organs. Show by experiment how much more quickly powdered 
salt dissolves in water than lumps of rock salt. Teach import- 
ance of thorough mastication. Show gizzard of turkey, and 
explain its use. But we have no gizzard; and hence must not 
swallow our food whole, as the turkey does. Wholesome and 
unwholesome foods. Alcohol. 
Zoology.—Lessons on common birds—e.g., robin, hawk, hen, 
duck. Let pupils compare these with each other and with mam- 
mals. Compare feet and bills of different birds, and show adapta- 
tion to habits. Continue lessons on homology of limbs. Let the 
pupils find elbow, wrist, knee, and ankle, in birds. Is the bat a 
bird? Talks on instincts of birds shown in periodical migrations 
and nest-building. 
Botany.—Lessons on flowers. Select plants with perfect and 
somewhat conspicuous flowers. Teach pupils to recognize sepals, 
petals, stamens, pistils. Let pupils describe and draw the parts in 
a variety of flowers. Study polypetalous flowers first, afterwards — 
monopetalous flowers. Cut open the ovary in large flowers, and 
show the ovules. Develop the idea that the parts of a flower are 
altered leaves. 
. GRADE Iv. 
Physiology.—Circulation. When food has been made into blood, 
blood has to be carried to all parts of the body—function of circu- 
lation. Show by anatomical plates the outline of anatomy of cir- 
culatory apparatus. Let pupils find some of their own veins, and 
feel pulsation of heart and of arteries in wrist and temple. Respi- 
ration. Show difference between inspired and expired air by exper- 
iment with lime-water. Burn a candle in a jar, and show that the 
air in the jar affects lime-water like expired air. Carbonic acid 
always formed when carbon burns—i.e., when carbon unites with 
oxygen. Carbon in body and in food. Carbon burns—t.e., unites 
with oxygen,—all over the body. Body runs, like a steam-engine, 
by burning carbon, Object of respiration—introduction of oxyge” 
and removal of carbonic acid. Anatomy of respiratory organs. 
Hygiene of respiration—dress, ventilation. Respiration in aquatic 
animals. Show gills of fish, and respiratory movements in living 
