912 Science- Teaching in the Schools. 
low, oak, chestnut. Flowers with open (gymnospermous) pistil, 
as in pine, spruce. 
GRADE VI. 
Physiology.—Briefly review work of previous grades. Special 
study of the eye. Anatomy of the eye. Illustrate formation of 
image on retina by use of a large lens. Hygiene of the eye. 
Injury of eye by use of light too strong, too feeble, unsteady, or 
improperly placed. -Cultivation of near-sightedness by bad posi- 
tions in reading and writing. 
Zoology.—Study common insects, as the bee, butterfly, fly, beetle, 
squash-bug, dragon-fly, grasshopper. Compare these animals with 
lobster, sow-bug, and angle-worm, and recognize in all these the 
common character of articulates. In insects, note the characteristic 
division of body into head, thorax, and abdomen. Compare wings 
of insects as regards number, form, venation, texture. Show scales 
from wings of moth and butterfly under microscope. Examine the 
mouth parts of those insects which are not too small. Supplement 
observation with pictures. Under lens examine eyes of insects. 
Explain their peculiar structure. Metamorphosis of insects. Catch 
some caterpillars in the fall, and keep them in boxes in the school- 
room. Some of them will probably survive and appear as moths 
or butterflies early in the spring. Talks on injurious animals. 
Show how some animals are useful by destroying injurious animals 
—e.g., insectivorous birds. 
Botany.—Distinction between flowering and flowerless plants. 
Examples of flowerless plants—ferns, club-mosses, horse-tails, 
mosses, lichens, fungi, sea-weeds. Show fructification of ferns. 
Show that the distinction of root, stem, and leaf, so obvious in 
nearly all flowering plants and in ferns and others of the higher 
flowerless plants, vanishes entirely in fungi and sea-weeds. 
Mineralogy.—Study crystalline form, cleavage, color, lustre, 
hardness, of some of the minerals common in the vicinity of Mid- 
dletown—e.g., quartz, feldspar, mica, hornblende, garnet, tourma- 
line, beryl. 
GRADE VII. 
Physiology.—Senses of hearing, smell, taste. 
.—Study the river mussel. Direct pupils’ attention to 
shell (with its hinge, ligament, mantle-impression, and muscu 
impressions), mantle, gills, palpi, mouth, foot, adductor muscles. 
