History of Garden Vegetables. 981 
received seeds. These excerpts indicate a southern origin for this 
vegetable, and the marrow cabbages are very sensitive to cold. The 
more highly improved forms, as figured in our synonymy, are in 
authors of northern or central Europe, while the unimproved forms 
are given by more southern writers. This indicates that the present 
kohl rabi received its development in northern countries. 
The varieties now grown are the white and purple, in early and 
late forms, the curled leaf, or Neapolitan, and the artichoke-leaved. 
One, at least, was in American gardens as early as 1806, and the 
rest appear before 1863. 
The nomenclature of this plant is deserving of attention, from 
the presence of foreign words, for which its history seems to afford 
but little justification. 
The kohl-rabi, Turnip-rooted cabbage, Arabian, cole rape, cole 
turnip, Cape cabbage, or Hungarian turnip, is called in France 
choua-raves, chow de Siam, boule de Siam; in Germany, oberkohl- 
rabi; in Flanders, raapkool; in Holland, koolraapen boven den 
grond; in Denmark, overjordisk kahlrabi, kwndekaal; in Italy, 
cavolo rapa, torsi; in Spain, col rabanho ; in Portugal, couve rabano, 
couve de Siam ;? in Norway, overjords-kaalrabi ;3 in India, ole kole, 
or gool jur ka kuhun.* 
Lavender. Lavandula vera DC. 
Lavender is sometimes grown for the use of the leaves as a con- 
diment, but more often for the flowers, which find use in perfum- 
ery; but we have never heard of its being grown on a large scale 
in the United States, although it was in garden culture in 1806. 
Its present growing is doubtless very insignificant. 
There is no satisfactory identification of lavender in the writings 
of the ancients, although it seems to have been well known to the 
botanists of the sixteenth century, and the use of the perfume was 
Indicated as early as the fourteenth century, and as a medicine even 
in the twelfth century. Its seed was in English seedsmen’s lists of 
1726,’ for garden culture. 
' Townsend, seedsman, 1726, 28. 
7 Dodonæus. Gard. Dict., 1831, i., 228. 
? Vilmorin. Les Pl. Pot., 1883, 139. 
* Schubeler. Culturp. f. de Norw., 105. 
Speede. Ind. Handb. of Gard., 1842, 140. 
° See Pharmacographia, 1879, 476. 
J Townsend, seedsman, 1726, 37. 
