998 Shetches of the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. 
leisure. He will become personally acquainted with each of the 
great landmarks as he passes them one by one. First, Shasta of 
colossal dimensions. Then the perfectly regular Mount Pitt, which 
overlooks Lake Klamath. Then the Batchelor with blunt apex ; 
next Mount Cope, with its dome and its lower twin summit; and 
twenty miles to the north, the two peaks of Mount Condon joined 
at their bases, acute and inaccessible. At a longer interval follows 
Mount Jefferson, which rears its immense bell-shaped mass from 
a widely spreading base, to a height of 13,000 feet. Finally, 
near the Columbia, the perfect cone of Mount Hood lifts its head 
14,000 feet and more to the skies. The form of all these peaks is 
essentially Andean. They are, like Popocatapetl, Cotopaxi, 
and Pichincha, of a general conical form, and thus quite different 
from the mountains of the Rocky range, or the Alps, which are 
mostly culminations of larger masses, or rise from plateaus, so that 
the visual effect of their elevation above the sea is largely lost. 
The case is quite different with ranges whose base is, like that of 
the Cascades, but little elevated above the sea. In the latter nearly 
the entire elevation is visible. The Cascades also, gathering the 
moisture from the ocean in a northern latitude, receive and display a 
greater deposit of snow than ranges of greater elevation in drier or 
more southern regions. (Plates XX and XXIT.)! 
Although there are many lovely lakes in the Cascade Mountains, 
none is so remarkable as Crater Lake. This is a body of water 
which occupies an extinct crater of large size. It is of an oval 
form and about eight miles by six in diameter. The walls which 
surround the water rise to a height varying from 900 to 3,000 feet, 
and they are so precipitous that their descent is practicable at very 
few points. At the time of my visit (in 1879) but one mode of 
access to the water was known to my guides. This I descended to 
the water’s edge. It is a very steep washed slope covered with loose 
stones and scoriz, among which the descent is much more easy 
than the ascent. To the south of the centre of the lake is an island 
which consists principally of a volcanic cone, with a distinct erater 
in its summit. This represents the latest centre of activity of the 
voleano. Its sides were covered with tall firs at the time of MY 
visit. The depth of the water is very great. Captain C. E. Dut- 
ton, of the present U. S. Geological Survey, informed me that he 
1 The plates referred to will appear in the next number of the N aturalist- 
