1000 Sketches of the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. 
surrounded by an irregular border of the forest. The day was 
clear, and everything could be seen in perfection. Far down on 
the water I descried a moving white speck, probably a trumpeter 
swan, as no smaller bird would have been visible at the distance. 
Across the gulf rose the two points of the mountain called by the 
hunters the “ Rabbit’s Ears;” and further to the north-west the 
aiguille, known as “ Cowhorn Peak.” The water of the lake glis- 
tened in the sun, oblivious to the awful scenes that had once ren- 
dered this place the pandemonium of the continent. I descended 
to the water’s edge, and examined carefully for traces of animal life. 
I found a very young larva of a salamander. More fully grown 
specimens have been since obtained by Lieutenant Carpenter, U. 
S. Army, and sent to the National Museum, which are probably the 
young of Amblystoma macrodactylum, the only salamander that has 
been found adult in that region. Then I found larve of Phrygan- 
eide and Ephemeride, and some minute crustacea, as Gammari and 
water-fleas. Among the rocks on and beside the slope, the “ little 
chief” hare, Lagomys princeps, crept in and out, uttering the while 
its peculiar plaintive ery. It is a rather tame animal, and appa- 
rently possessed of much curiosity, but it has always a fissure in the 
rock at hand into which it retreats if one approaches too near. 
The walls of the crater on the eastern side are made up of suc- 
cessive layers of lava, scoria, sand, ashes, pumice, ete., all repre- 
senting successive eruptions and parts of eruptions. The mass is in 
places friable, and is penetrated by the waters of the lake at differ- 
ent points, thus giving origin to springs and streams. 
At Fort Klamath the soil rests on a deep stratum of pumice. 
Some of the exposures show this to be broken up and water worn, 
but at other places it forms a continuous spongy mass. Ina stratum 
of this kind, just below the soil, were cut the four graves of the 
Modoc Indians, who were hung for the assassination of General 
Canby, the commissioner sent by the United States to treat with the 
tribe. These graves were cut out with right angles and borders 
by the simple use of a sharp spade. At the time of my visit all of 
them had been rifled, and the bodies taken away. I afterwards 
obtained the skeleton of one of them. It is characterized by 4 
platycnemic tibia, and tritubercular second and third superior molars. 
Soon after this visit I left Fort Klamath for a geological explo- 
