1126 General Notes. 
fowls. He claimed that the intermediate host of the worm Syn- 
mus was to be found in the earthworm. Recently (Nature, 
XXXVIII., p. 324) Lord Walsingham gives facts collected from the 
experience of sportsmen which tend to corroborate this view. In 
dry summers when but few earthworms come to the surface, game 
fowl are comparatively free from the disease, but when worms are 
abundant, the fowl are more difficult to rear. 
G. Brandes, in a preliminary communication embodying his ana- 
tomical discoveries, points out that the Trematode Holostomum has 
been regarded wrong side up, the “ventral” surface of authors being 
really dorsal and that the “larval anus” of the Tetracotyle stage of 
the worm is but the beginning of a gland and its duct, the alimen- 
tary canal ending blindly in the body parenchyma. 
Dr. J. . Fewkes describes and figures (The Microscope, 
1888) a new type of marine larva found in the Bay of Fundy, and 
in Massachusetts Bay, which is regarded as having brachiopod, 
chetopod, and bryozoan features, but which seems to be nearest 
Mitraria in its affinities. The adult to which it belongs is unknown. 
ewkes, in conclusion, has some remarks upon the characters of the 
common ancestor of Polyzoa, Brachiopoda, and Cheetopoda, which 
lead him to suggest as a name for this hypothetical form “ that of 
Mitraria, which up to the present is applied simply to the larval 
form of a single genus of Chetopoda.” 
Iijima and Nusata record some new cases of the occurrence of 
i i ae liguloides in Vol. IT. of the Journal of Science of 
the University of Tokio. 
MoLLUsCA.—Some sixty years ago Desmarest and Lesueur pro- 
posed to issue a series of illustrations of Polyzoa and Hydrozoa, 
and fourteen plates were engraved on copper by the latter. A few 
of the plates were distributed, but no accompanying text was ever 
prepared. Recently E. Pergens (Proces- Verbal de la Soc. Roy. 
Malacol, Belg., Sept., 1887) has examined the original manuscripts 
and the types preserved in Havre, and has given identifications of 
the Polyzoa there figured. 
Protozoa.—The Martini-Chemnitz ‘Conchylien-Cabinet” still 
appears at intervals. Numbers 356 to 361 have recently appeared, 
containing plates of Cardita, Pecten, Spondylus, Cerithiide, 
Chama, Cardita, Solen, and Modiola. 
Paul Pelseueer denies (Bull. Scientif. France et Belgique) the 
existence of a group of Orthoneurous Gastropoda. 
a _, Crusracea.—According to the Journal of the Royal Ipero E 
~ deal Society, D. Bergendal has described the occurrence of distinctly 
ee male copulatory appendages on female crabs. In many cases there 
