Archwology und Anthropology. 1137 
process called “ toting.” The negroas a domestic example, and the 
dairymaid, are reputed to carry their milk pails on their heads, and 
there are many other illustrations of this mode of transportation. 
Certain tribes of Indians wear straw rings on their heads to aid in 
bearing and balancing these great loads. Pockets, remarked Prof. 
Mason, are scarcely worth mentioning as a civilized means of 
transportation, although the flowing robes of a Chinaman are capable 
of concealing at least half a bushel of playing cards, a capacity that 
deserves passing notice. The carrying power given by these vari- 
ous modes is augmented by means of combinations of men, in 
illustration of which the vast works in Egypt and other eastern 
countries were cited. Men also carry goods by traction, that is, by 
drawing over the ground. First, the arm alone is used, then a line 
is fastened to the object and the person. It is held in the hand 
over the shoulder, wound around the waist or over a pole. The 
hunter drawing home his game is a primitive example of this means 
of carrying. Throwing is sometimes resorted to as a means of 
transportation, of which the method of handling bricks by tossin 
them from hand to hand isa fair sample. Dirt and excava 
material were at first carried in sacks, which have been superseded 
by shovels. The great necessities and the differentiating progresses 
of civilization for rapid and safe transportation give rise to the 
professional carriers. 
THE FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. 
—This Foame for 1883—84 has just appeared. It contains about 
600 pages in quarto form, the report of the Director, Major J. W. 
: Spe ae filling about 50 pages. The accompanying papers are as 
oll 
One on Burial Mounds in the northern section of the United 
States, by Prof. Thomas. He describes the burial mounds of the 
Wisconsin district, of Illinois or upper Mississippi, of Ohio, and of 
the Appalachian district, and elaborates the favorite theory of the 
Bureau of Ethnology, that the Cherokee Indians were the princi- 
pal mound-builders of the United States. He reports the discovery 
made by the exploration of the great and small Etowah mounds in 
Bartow county, Georgia, and many of the objects found therein are 
shown by means of illustrations. 
Chas. C. Boyce, Esq., gives the history of the treaties made 
between the United States and the Cherokees. He gives the ma- 
terial provisions of all treaties made, together with their historical 
data, from that of November 28, 1785 to April 27, 1868. His 
paper is quite full and seems to have exhausted the subject, It fills 
prg es. 
_ Dr. Washington Matthews, of the United States Medical Museum, 
fornishes the Mountain Chant, a b ceremony belonging to the Nava~ 
