1894.] Geology and Paleontology. 51 
the entire region below the Cretaceous sea; then at the close of the 
Cretaceous the land was elevated, possibly by the renewal of the 
mountain-building forces of the central area. The Rocky Mountain 
uplift caused an uptilting, raising the land still higher, and adding the ` 
Tertiary coastal strip to the Cretaceous. A later uplift added the costal 
prairies and a recent slight subsidence has completed this record of 
change, and has given us the Texas region.” (Proceeds. Phila. Acad., 
1893.) 
` Terrestrial Submergence Southeast of the American Con- 
tinent.—At the meeting of the American Association for the Ad- 
vancement of Science, Madison, 1893, Dr. J. W. Spencer brought before 
the Society evidence of epeirogenic movements in the Antillean region, 
in very recent geologic times, amounting to two and one half miles of 
vertical subsidence of great land areas. The author’s recent studies of 
valleys among the southern Appalachian mountains convinces him that 
these valleys are independent of mountain movements, and are due to 
erosion, either atmospheric or by running water. The valleys and 
channels among the Greater Antilles, and between them and the con- 
tinent, are an exact reproduction of the southern Appalachian land 
valleys. From this analogy the author concludes that both the land 
and submerged Antillean valleys were of a common subaerial origin. 
The submerged valleys and channels are of varying depths, the 
author cites examples ranging from 3,738 feet to 14,000 feet, and even 
in one case 20,000 feet is reached. The submergence indicated by the 
channels means extensive continental land-movements, which were not 
violent enough to obliterate the former land topography. This great 
continental depression diminished to the north, so that the southern 
states have been only partl~ submerged. 
The great continental extension was during late Cenozoic time, if 
McGee’s determination of the age of the Lafayette formation be ac- 
cepted. The drainage of this area was largely into the Pacific, or its 
embayments. The watershed between the Atlantic and Pacific is still 
represented by the mountains of Cuba, Haiti and the Windward 
islands. (Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 5, Nov., 1893.) 
_ Tropical Miocene Fossils in Siberia.—A small collection of 
fossils collected by Dr. William Stimpson in northern Siberia, about 
62° north latitude, on an arm of the Okhotsk sea, has been reported 
upon by Dr. Wm. H. Dall. The collection comprises six species of 
‘molluscs, of which five are new. In his general conclusions the author 
