d 
1894.] Geology and Paleontology. 161 
Stevenson in a table of ratios, the result of analyses made by Mr. A. 
S. McCreath. 
In origin then, according to Mr. Stevenson, the anthracite of Penn- 
sylvania differs in nowise from the bituminous coal of the Appalachian 
basin, but is the result of a longer exposure to the process of making, 
Cretaceous System in Canada.—lIn a Presidental Address be- 
fore the Roy. Can. Soc., Mr. Whiteaves gave a resumé of the present 
knowledge of the Cretaceous system in Canada. For convenience, he 
divides the system into Upper and Lower with the base of the Dakota 
group asa boundary line. In Manitoba and the Northwest Territories 
all the Cretaceous rocks as yet examined are referable to the upper 
division and are subdivided into 5 formations, viz.: Laramie, Montana, 
Belly River, Niobrara—Benton and Dakota. Of the Rocky Moun- 
tain region, inclusive of the Foot-Hills, the author states “that from 
the combined evidence afforded by the fossil flora and fauna of the 
Cretaceous rocks of this region it would appear that the Laramie, the 
- Montana, the Niobrara-Benton and perhaps also the Dakota are there 
represented. The Kootanie series, and the Devil’s Lake deposits are 
older than the Dakota formation and hence referable to the Lower 
North American Cretaceous.” In British Columbia and the Yukon 
district, although the Cretaceous rocks have been studied and reported 
upon since 1871, the subdivisions have not yet been satisfactorily corre- 
lated with those of Manitoba. 
In conclusion the author gives a tabular statement, showing the im- 
portant additions that have been made to our knowledge of the Cana- 
dian Cretacic system since the confederation of the provinces in 1867. 
Prior to that time but little had been done; to-day, 108 species of fos- 
sil plants and 358 fossil animals have been recorded and described, ex- 
clusive of the Laramie, or 179 species of plants: and 394 animals, in- 
clusive of the Laramie (Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., Sect. IV, 1893). 
Evidences of a Submergence of Western Europe at the 
Close of the Glacial Period.—For a number of years Professor 
Joseph Prestwich has been investigating a peculiar superficial drift 
found in the south of England and extending over Jarge continental 
areas. For this drift he proposes the name, Rubble-drift, to distin- 
Suish it from the valley, marine and glacial drift of the same regions, 
It includes a peculiar débris in Loess, the Breccia on slopes, the 
:“ Head” over the Raised Beaches, the Basement gravels of many val. 
leys and the Ossiferous fissures. This drift is characterized by (1) 
it 
