1894.] Geology and Paleontology. 163 
A number of cuts and a map of western Europe showing the chief 
places submerged illustrate the text (Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 
Vol. 184, 1893). 
GeologicalNews, G2neral.—According to Mr. Oldham, the 
three main divisions of India are natural regions. The peninsula con- 
sists of land which has not been submerged since the early Paleozoic 
period. The continental has been frequently under water until the 
Cenozoic, while the great plain is recent alluvium. There is paleon- 
tological evidence of a continuous land connection between India and 
Africa in the Cretaceous period. At the close of the Cretaceous there 
was an outbreak of volcanic activity contemporary with a series of 
earth-movements which led to the first appearance of the extra-penin- 
sular mountains, and the depression at the base of the Himalaya. 
This activity continued during Cenozoic time. (Nature, Dec., 1893.) 
Mr. Robert Hay gives some interesting results of a boring made at 
Paola, in eastern Kansas, which reaches a depth of 2,500 feet. After 
passing through the coal measures and subcarboniferous it is difficult to 
determine the formations, the samples being so finely comminuted. 
At 2,100 feet granite is reached, at first a gray granite—angular quartz 
and mica with some feldspar—and then a red feldspar with little mica 
and no quartz, like the outcrop at Ute Pass, Colorado. (Trans. Kan- 
sas Acad. Sci., Vol. xiii). 
Archean.—In a study of a group of quartzite exposures in south- 
eastern Wisconsin, Mr. Buell finds evidence of dynamic action 
accompanying the metamorphism of these rocks which ie at variance 
With the more common structure of the pre-Cambrian quartzites of the 
region of the Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi, as described by Dr. 
Van Hise. These differences afford criteria for the separation of the 
quartzite drift of this area from boulder material from other sources 
and enables a more exact delineation to be made of the boulder trains 
that extend upou and within the different glacial formations of the 
Rock river valley. (Trans. Wisc. Acad., Vol. IX, 1893.) 
Mesozoic.—Two new Ammonites from the Cretaceous rocks of 
Queen Charlotte Island are described by Mr. J. F. Whiteaves. Both 
specimens are small but clearly referable to the family of Stephanocer- 
atide of Neumayer. The first, Holeostephanus deansii, belongs to the 
small group of which H. astieri is the type ;the second, Hoplipes haid- 
“quensis, is very similar to H. sinuosus of the French Neocomian. (Can 
Record Sci., Oct., 1893.) 
