1894.] Whence Came the Cultivated Strawberry ? 297 
variations of one stock. This general type of Pine strawber- 
ries, comprising the large-hulled type long represented by the 
Bath Scarlet and erected into a distinct species by Duchesne as 
Fragaria calyculata, has been collectively known for a century 
as Fragaria grandiflora, a name bestowed by Ehrhart in 1792, 
although this name, together with the English name Pine, is 
gradually passing from use. We may say that thus far there 
are three hypotheses as to the origin of the Pine strawberry— 
that it came from North America, from Guiana, and that it is 
a compound or hybrid of two other species; and we may add 
a fourth—that apparently accepted by Duhamel and DeCan- 
dolle and certainly by Gay—that it is a direct modification of 
the Chilian strawberry, and also a fifth, advanced by Decaisne’® 
and accepted by others, that some, at least, of the varieties are 
products of the large, robust native form of our wild straw- 
berry which is known as Fragaria Virginiana var. Illinoensis. I 
shall drop the Guianian origin as wholly untenable, and it — 
will also be unprofitable to discuss directly the question of 
importation from North America, for we have nothing more 
_ than conjecture upon which to found any historical argument. 
I shall now endeavor to discover which of the remaining three 
hypotheses is best supported in the subsequent evolution of 
the plant itself: Is it a hybrid, a direct development of the 
Chilian species, or a form of the native variety Illinoensis? 
It is first necessary, however, to determine from what 
ancestral type our cultivated strawberry flora has sprung. 
Barnet, writing in 1824, referred all cultivated strawberries to 
seven groups or classes, three of which comprise the small 
European varieties which are outside this discussion. The 
remaining four classes comprise all the large-fruited types, and 
they are as follows: 1. The Scarlet or Virginian strawberries, 
with twenty-six varieties; 2. The Black strawberries or Fraga- 
ria tincta of Duchesne, with five varieties; 3. The Pines, with 
fifteen; 4. The True Chili strawberries, with three varieties. 
The Blacks and Pines ‘are so nearly alike that they can be 
classed as one. Although the Pine class is the most recent of 
the lot, it had already varied into twenty forms, and, moreover, 
5Tard: PA : : : 
Jardin Fruitier du Museum, ix, under ‘‘ Frasier d’Asa Gray.” 
